o  deify 


An  Ideal  Mode  of  Living 
and  Working. 


FULLY  ILLUSTRATED. 


PERKINS  LIBRARY 

Duke   University 
Kare  Dooks 

Modern  Paradise 


UTOPIA 


AN 


Outline    or    Story    of   How    Some  of  the 

Cultured  People  will  Probably  Live, 

Work  and  Organize  in    the 

Near  Future. 


BY 

Professor  Henry  Olerich 
fully  illustrated 


EQUALITY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

2219  Larimore  Avenue 

Omaha,  Neb. 

1915. 


Copyright,  1915 

By  Equality  Publishing  Co. 

Omaha,  Neb. 

All  rights  reserved. 


PBBBS    OP 

trr.HTKr.lt    PRINTING    CO. 

OMAHA,    U.    S.  A. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2010  with  funding  from 
Duke  University  Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/modernparadiseouOOoler 


11ENKY  OLEEICH. 


PREFACE. 

Hp  HE  primary  object  of  preparing  this 
■*•  brief  illustrated  work  is  to  depict  an 
ideal  mode  of  living,  working,  and  organ- 
izing in  the  briefest  and  most  interesting 
manner  possible,  and  to  make  the  subject- 
matter  so  clear,  definite,  and  practical  that 
even  the  ordinary  reader  can  not  fail  to 
get  a  fair  understanding  of  the  proposed 
plan.  The  writer  believes  that  this  scien- 
tific theme  or  story  forms  a  completely 
connected  whole  of  substantially  all  the 
important  affairs  that  enter  into  refined, 
prosperous  life.  We  believe  that  Modern 
Paradise  represents  the  first  ideal  Democ- 
racy ever  depicted  by  any  writer. 

Many  of  the  elegant  views  are  by  lead- 
ing artists  and  show  a  rich  variety  of  the 
grand  things  the  world  now  holds  in  storo 
for  the  use,  enjoyment,  and  convenience  of 
Man,  if  he  only  uses  them  to  good  advan- 
tage. 

The  original  drawings  are  intended  as 
mere  outline  sketches,  aiding  the  reader  by 
the  help  of  the  eye  to  get  a  clearer  concep- 


tion  of  the  groat  things,  which  a  group  of 
intelligent  co-operators  may  actually  real- 
ize, if  their  combined  efforts  are  properly 
utilized  in  the  right  direction. 

The  author  also  takes  this  opportunity 
of  expressing  his  sincere  thanks  and  kind 
appreciation  for  all  the  valuable  assistance 
he  has  received  from  his  personal  friends 
and  co-workers  to  make  the  publication  of 
this  production  possible. 

So  far  as  the  writer  is  aware,  MODERN 
PARADISE  is  the  first  fully  illustrated 
work  on  Social,  Domestic,  and  Industrial 
Science  so  far  published,  and  this  of  itself 
makes  it  a  useful  as  well  as  a  unique  liter- 
ary production. 

Henry  Olerich, 
Omaha,  Neb. 


CONTENTS 


Special  Selections   7 

I.  What  We  Propose  to  Show 11 

II.  Our  General  Purpose 15 

III.  Existing  Evils 16 

IV.  Various  Reform  Methods 17 

V.  Isolated  Living  and  Working.  . .  18 

VI.  Progressive  Development  of  Man  21 

VII.  Essential  Sociologic  Factors.  .  .  24 

VIII.  Efficient  Production  26 

IX.  Equitable  Distribution   30 

X.  Wise  Accumulation  .  .    33 

XI.  Economical  Consumption 35 

XII.  Harmonious  Association 39 

XIII.  Landed  Estate 44 

XIV.  Modern  Paradise  Buildings....  46 
XV.  Co-operative  Mansion 48 

XVI.  Model  Factory 50 

XVII.  Universal  Warehouse   52 

XVIII.  Hydro-electric   Power-plant    ...  54 

XIX.  Tools  and  Machinery 56 

XX.  Dynamo  and  Electric  Motor.  ...  58 

XXI.  Usefulness  of  Water  Power.  ...  59 

XXII.  Elegant  Electric  Kitchen 61 

XXIII.  Electric  Heaters 63 

XXIV.  Telephone  and  Electric  Light .  .  64 
XXV.  Building  Funds   65 

XXVI.  Selection  of  Members 69 

XXVII.  Adjoining  Modern  Paradises.  .  .  72 

XXVIII.  Methods  of  Living  and  AVorking  73 

XXIX.  Kinds  of  Housekeeping 76 

XXX.  Uses  of  the  Automobile 77 


XXXI.  Wonders  of  the  Storage  Battery  80 
XXXII.  Adjusting  Work  in  Modern  Par- 
adise     82 

XXXIII.  Dining  Room  and  Restaurant. .  .   83 

XXXIV.  Modern  Paradise  Money 85 

XXXV.  The  Public  Nurseries 89 

XXXVI.  Woman's  Status  in  Modern  Par- 
adise     91 

XXXVII.  Educational  Facilities    92 

XXXVIII.  Modern  Paradise  Amusements.  .100 
XXXIX.  Method  of  Distributing  Labor.  .103 

XL.  Varieties  of  Wealth 107 

XLI.  Classes  of  Labor 108 

XLII.  Management    of   Modern   Para- 
dise    110 

XLIII.  Some  Advantages  of  Equitable 

Co-operation     114 

XLIV.  No  Speculative  Commercialism.  118 

XLV.  Cottage  Dwellings 121 

XLVI.  Cottage  and  Co-operative  Man- 
sion Life  Compared 123 

XLVII.  Nature  of  Co-operation 129 

XLVIII.  Modern  Paradise  Method  of 

Raising  Children  133 

XLIX.  Wonderful  Baby  Mentality 141 

L.  Unlimited  in  Scope 150 

LI.  Distribution  of  Population 152 

LII.  Transportation  and  Travel. . . .  .154 
LIII.  Outside    Commerce    and    How 

Conducted  156 

LIV.  Deficient  Production    159 

LV.  Exploitation  from  Without. ..  .161 

LVI.  Is  in  Harmony  with  Progress. .  .162 

LVII.  First  Cost  of  Construction 164 


LVIII.  Donation  no  Sacrifice 166 

LIX.  Tainted  Money 168 

LX.  Immediate  Realization  169 

LXI.  Antagonizes  no  Other  Reforms.  172 

LXII.  Going  and  Coming 174 

LXIII.  Will  the  Members  Quarrel?. . .  .175 

LXIV.  Methods  of  Organization 177 

LXV.  Unknown  Liberty   180 

LXVI.  Mistaken  Science 181 

LXVII.  Educational  Influences 185 

LXVIII.  Longevity  and  Superb  Physique.  191 
LXIX.  General  Summary  195 


[LLUSTRATIONS 

Author's  Portrait 

1.  Plowing  and  Seeding  on  a  Large  Scale. .  12 

2.  Isolated  Mode  of  Living  and  Working. .  18 

3.  Section  of  a  Convenient  Laundry 32 

4.  Dishwashing  Machine 40 

5.  Co-operative   Estate    44 

6.  Co-operative  Mansion 49 

7.  Floor  in  Co-operative  Mansion 50 

8.  Model  Factory  54 

9.  Electric  Kitchen    68 

10.  Twelve  Adjoining  Modern  Paradises. . .   72 

11.  The  Eight  Great  Electric  Inventions. . .   84 

12.  Powerful  Tangential  Waterwheel 60 

13.  Electric  Carriage  96 

14.  Harvesting  and  Threshing  on  a  Large 
Scale   100 

15.  Magnificent  Public  Dining  Room 105 

16.  Park  Play-School 112 

17.  Model   Co-operative   Village   Site 122 

18.  Motor  Driven  Dough  Mixer 126 

19.  Grand  Hall — Arranged  as  a  Theatre . . .  128 

20.  Interesting  Object  Lessons 144 

21.  The  Wonderful  Baby  Scholar 14S 

22.  Niagara  Falls  Power  Station '. . .  156 

23.  Delicate  Drawing  Rooms 162 

24.  Lawn  Mowing  on  a  Large  Scale 174 

25.  Automobile  Freighting  on  a  Large  Scale. 180 

26.  Art  Studio 186 


SPECIAL  SELECTIONS. 

"I  am  owner  of  the  sphere, 
Of  the  Seven  Stars  and  the  solar  year, 
Of  Caesar's  hand  and  Plato's  brain, 
Of  Lord  Christ's  heart  and  Shakespeare's 
strain. ' ' 

— Ralph  Waldo  Emerson. 


I  would  not  enter  on  my  list  of  friends, 
Though  graced  with  polished   manners   and 

fine  sense, 
Yet  wanting  sensibility,  the  man 
AVho  needlessly  sets  foot  upon  a  worm." 

— "William  Cowper. 


"'The  ultimate  result  of  shielding  men  from 
the  effects  of  folly  is  to  fill  the  world  with 
fools." — Herbert  Spencer. 


"Prevision  is  the  characteristic  and  the  test 
of  knowledge." — George  Henry  Lewes. 


"Food  should  be  to  the  body  only  what  coal 
is  to  the  boiler  of  a  steam  engine." 

— Thomas  A.  Edison. 


8  MODERN  PARADISE 

"Scientific  Materialism,  which  is  identical 
with  our  monism,  affirms  in  reality  no  more 
than  that  everything  in  the  world  goes  on 
naturally — that  every  effect  has  its  cause  and 
every    cause    its    effect. ' '  —  Prof.    Ernst   H. 

Haeckel. 

*     *     *     # 

"The  whole  life  history  of  a  plant  is  stored 
away  in  its  seeds.  If  we  plant  enough  of  the 
seeds,  in  enough  different  environments,  we  are 
sure  to  have  that  life  history  with  all  of  its 
variations,  all  of  its  improvements  and  retro- 
gressions, uncovered  before  us." 

— Luther  Burbank. 


"To  order  our  own  life,  as  a  responsible  in- 
dividual, without  invading  the  lives  of  others, 
is  freedom." — "W.  C.  Owen. 


"I  feel  that  no  man,  woman,  or  child  is  good 
enough  to  be  my  master,  and  no  one  humble 
enough  to  be  my  servant." — The  Author. 


"Thus  the  whole  world  forms  a  necessary 
chain,  in  which  indeed  each  man  may  play  his 
part,  but  can  by  no  means  determine  what 
that  part  shall  be." — Henry  Thomas  Buckle. 


SPECIAL  SELECTIONS  9 

"As  all  men  desire  their  own  happiness, 
praise  or  blame  is  bestowed  on  actions  and 
motives,  according  as  they  lead  to  that  end; 
and  as  happiness  is  an  essential  part  of  the 
general  good,  the  greatest-happiness  principle 
indirectly  serves  as  a  nearly  safe  standard  of 
right  and  wrong." — Charles  Darwin. 


"The  particular  kind  of  further  evolution 
which  Man  is  hereafter  to  undergo,  is  one  in 
which,  more  than  any  other,  may  be  expected 
to  cause  a  decline  in  the  power  of  reproduc- 
tion; in  the  end,  therefore,  the  obtainment  of 
subsistence  and  the  discharge  of  all  the  paren- 
tal and  social  duties,  will  require  just  that 
kind  and  that  amount  of  action  needful  to 
health  and  happiness." — Herbert  Spencer. 


MODERN  PARADISE. 

i. 

WHAT  WE  PROPOSE  TO  SHOW. 
|N  THIS  brief  volume,  the  writer  pro- 
■■■    poses  to  deal  with  substantially  all  the 
important  practical  questions  pertaining 
to  social,  domestic,  and  industrial  science. 

Among  other  things,  we  propose  to  show 
by  words  and  examples  how  a  number  of 
intelligent  men,  women  and  children  work- 
ers can  reduce  the  length  of  the  average 
work-day  to  perhaps  less  than  three  hours 
of  comparatively  pleasant  self-employed 
labor  a  day.  How  every  man,  and  every 
woman,  whether  married  or  single,  may 
have  an  independent  personal  income  of 
not  less  than  eight  or  ten  dollars  a  day. 
How  labor  and  capital  may  be  thoroughly 
harmonized.  How  the  "  vexed  servant  girl 
question"  may  be  completely  settled.  How 
they  may  all  live  in  a  beautiful  mansion 
comfortably  heated  and  brilliantly  lighted 
with  electricity. 

How  they  may  all  wear  fine  clothes,  eat 
delicious  food,  and  enjoy  the  fullest  supply 


12  MODERN  PARADISE 

of  modern  luxuries.  How  they  may  own 
and  operate  a  splendid  hydro-electric  pow- 
er station,  a  model  factory  and  well-filled 
Universal  Warehouse.  How  the  home  and 
kitchen  drudgery  may  be  substantially 
abolished.  How  they  may  all  enjoy  com- 
plete mail,  water,  elevator,  and  telephone 
service. 

How  they  may  all  have  in  their  own  resi- 
dence elegantly  appointed  parlors,  dining 
room,  restaurant,  department  store,  barber 
shop,  toilets,  baths,  theatre,  ball  room, 
halls,  library,  laboratory,  drug  depart- 
ment, printing  outfit,  photograph  gallery, 
museum,  conservatory,  billiard  and  auto- 
mobile parlors,  sanitarium,  swimming 
pool,  co-operative  nurseries,  kindergar- 
tens, instruction  halls,  all  kinds  of  play- 
schools, and  many  other  departments  of 
use,  art,  science,  and  literature. 

How  each  owns  an  elegant  private  apart- 
ment, which  offers  the  most  seclusive  pri- 
vacy when  desired.  How  they  may  con- 
duct automobile  riding,  farming,  freight- 
ing, gardening,  on  a  large  scale  with  won- 


PLOWING  AND  SEEDING  ON  A  LARGE 
SCALE. 


lA     r^*, 


Fig.   1. 


This  is  the  way  the  Modern  Paradisers  could  plow 
and  seed  with  Electric  Tractors  of  many  horse-power. 
One  of  these  outfits  can  plow,  sow  and  harrow  a 
strip  36  feet  wide,  and  from  70  to  SO  acres  per  day. 


OUR  PURPOSE  •      13 

derful  ease  and  marvelous  efficiency.  How 
they  may  all  live  right  near  their  places  of 
daily  work — the  garden,  greenhouse,  farm, 
factory,  warehouse,  power  station,  boule- 
vards, parks,  etc. 

How  they  wash  dishes,  knead  dough, 
pare  fruit  and  potatoes  on  a  large  scale 
with  machinery  instead  of  doing  it  by  hand 
as  now.  How  substantially  everybody  may 
engage  in  his  or  her  favorite  profession 
and  occupation.  How  the  work,  care  and 
worry  of  raising  and  educating  children 
may  be  immensely  reduced.  How  children 
may  acquire  the  most  complete  education 
— physical,  intellectual,  industrial  and  eth- 
ical— without  ever  formally  confining  them 
in  formal  schoolrooms. 

How  everybody  may  become  financially 
able  to  tour  and  travel  at  frequent  inter- 
vals. How  they  may  all  have  abundant 
opportunity  to  attend  concerts,  dances, 
theatres,  lectures,  reading  and  talk  circles, 
prize  contests,  and  numerous  other  social 
functions,  all  conducted  in  or  near  the  resi- 
dential mansion.    How  they  may  all  enjoy 


U  MODERN  PARADISE 

an  endless  variety  of  in-door  and  out-door 
games,  sports,  amusements,  and  recrea- 
tions. How  easily  and  how  pleasantly  all 
may  entertain  and  be  entertained. 

How  the  lonely  country  homes  and  the 
overcrowded  cities  may  be  dispensed  with. 
What  a  prodigious  amount  of  wealth  could 
be  produced  with  a  short,  easy  day's  work. 
How  every  man,  woman,  and  child  may 
enjoy  the  widest  possible  range  of  per- 
sonal liberty,  consistent  with  age,  intelli- 
gence, and  culture.  How  health,  strength, 
amiability,  and  beauty  of  body  and  mind 
will  be  spontaneously  enhanced  by  continu- 
ous pleasant  surroundings  and  a  rational 
method  of  living  and  working. 

Such  are  a  few  of  the  many  important 
things  which  the  author  proposes  to  ex- 
plain in  this  brief  sociologic  volume.  Hu- 
man affairs  are  usually  regarded  as  being 
very  complex  and  abstruse ;  but  I  trust  the 
reader  will  reach  the  conclusion  ere  he 
reads  the  last  page  of  this  brief  work,  that 
a  rational  system  of  living  and  working  is 
not  only  mutually  pleasant,  but  also    ex- 


OUR  PURPOSE  15 

tremely  simple ;  that  health,  kindness,  love, 
sympathy,  freedom,  prosperity,  and  mu- 
tual helpfulness  may  be  so  harmoniously 
blended  by  a  group  of  refined  people  that 
life  would  be  little  else  than  a  continual 
thrill  of  happiness. 

II. 

OUR  GENERAL  PURPOSE. 

'"pHE  fundamental  object  of  this  literary 
•*■  work  is  to  show  how  a  number  of  cul- 
tured men,  women,  and  children,  perhaps 
500  or  a  1,000  in  number,  working  together 
as  equal  partners  can  produce  all  the 
wealth  they  desire  to  consume  and  accu- 
mulate with  less  than  three  hours  of  pleas- 
ant self-employed  labor  a  day,  and  what  a 
splendid  time  they  could  all  have  in  doing 
this,  if  the  right  persons  use  the  right 
things  in  the  right  way. 

What  these  persons,  lands,  buildings,  do- 
mestic and  other  conveniences,  tools  and 
machinery,  and  a  successful  mode  of  living 
and  working  should  be  in  order  to  produce 


1 6  MODERN  PARADISE 

the  best  conceivable  results,  and  how  to 
start  such  a  co-partnership  or  corporation 
will  form  the  interesting  subject-matter  to 
be  considered  in  the  following  pages. 

III. 

EXISTING  EVILS. 

TT  IS  generally  admitted  that  the  world 
*  as  a  whole  is  better  now  than  it  ever 
was  before,  but  notwithstanding  this  pro- 
gressive development  there  is  still  too 
much  toil  and  domination;  too  many 
shacks,  slums,  and  questionable  resorts; 
too  much  strife,  war,  poverty,  and  anxiety ; 
too  much  violence,  disease,  and  crime ;  too 
much  graft,  monopoly,  and  cunning  specu- 
lation; too  much  envy,  deceit,  jealousy,  and 
revenge ;  too  much  ' '  rush, ' '  waste,  cruelty, 
superstition,  intolerance,  and  corruption, 
and  too  fierce  a  battle  between  labor  and 
capital  as  well  as  between  man  and  man. 

It  is,  however,  not  the  primary  province 
of  this  production  to  point  out  existing 
evils,  for  that  has  been  done  millions  of 


REFORM  METHODS  17 

times  before,  but  to  deal  principally  with 
definite,  and,  we  believe,  adequate  reme- 
dies. It  is  a  thousand  times  better  to  re- 
move the  cause  of  an  evil  than  it  is  to 
attempt  a  superficial  cure  of  it. 

IV. 

VARIOUS  REFORM  METHODS. 

TATE  ARE  all  aware  that  there  are  many 
**  classes  of  reformers,  and  that  each 
class  advocates  a  specific  remedy  for  miti- 
gating or  abolishing  existing  evils.  One 
class  wants  to  right  things  by  freeing  va- 
cant land;  another  by  municipal  owner- 
ship, and  still  another  by  abolishing  the 
Wage-system. 

The  Republicans  want  to  do  it  with  a 
stronger  centralized  government;  the 
Democrats  with  as  little  governmental 
power  as  possible;  the  Communists  by 
common  ownership  of  property;  the  So- 
cialists by  more  government  ownership 
and  operation;  the  Anarchists  with  more 
personal  liberty ;  the  Single  Taxers  by  tax- 


18  MODERN  PARADISE 

ing  land  values ;  the  Labor  Unions  by  high- 
er wages  and  fairer  treatment;  the  Prohi- 
bitionists by  temperance ;  the  Woman  Suf- 
fragists with  the  ballot;  the  Protectionists 
by  import  duties;  the  Free  Silverites  by 
free  and  unlimited  coinage  of  silver,  and 
the  Free  Traders  by  unrestricted  com- 
merce. 

V. 

ISOLATED  LIVING  AND  WORKING. 

XTOW  LET  us  see  whether  any  one  of 
*■  ^  the  foregoing  remedies,  or  all  of  them 
combined,  would  necessarily  produce  the 
desired  results  of  instituting  the  good  and 
removing  tho  bad. 

To  illustrate :  Suppose  that  every  adult 
man  and  woman  in  the  United  States, 
state,  county,  or  smaller  community  in- 
dividually owTied  and  occupied  a  separate 
home,  surrounded  by  all  the  free  produc- 
tive land  each  occupant  desired  to  occupy 
and  use,  and  was  the  undisputed  owner  of 
the  spade,  hoe,  fork,  rake,  scythe,  plow, 
and  such  other  tools,  machinery  and  means 


ISOLATED  MODE  OF  LIVING  AND  SINGLE 
HANDED  METHOD  OF  WORKING. 


Fig,  2. 

This  illustration  represents  a  section  of  country 
where  each  adult  is  living  in  a  separate  house,  and 
works  the  small  garden-farm  with  crude  hand  tools. 
Everybody  owns  a  house  and  tools,  and  land  sur- 
rounded by  irregular  footpaths;  but  they  are  all 
nevertheless  still  lonely  toilers,  because  their  mode 
of  living  and  working  is  not  a  good  one.  They  lack 
the  element  of  harmonious  CO-OPERATION,  the 
most  important  factor  of  modern  civilization. 


ISOLATED  LIVING  19 

of  production  and  transportation  as  would 
be  appropriate  for  such  a  state  of  society; 
and  that  all  the  inhabitants  were  so  just, 
honest,  sober,  and  peaceable,  that  no  one 
would  infringe  the  equal  freedom  of  an- 
other; the  social,  commercial,  and  indus- 
trial conditions  may  still  be  so  undesira- 
ble, that  life  to  a  refined  person  would 
scarcely  bo  worth  the  living. 

Let  us  notice  that  in  this  hypothetical 
community  or  nation,  everybody  owns  his 
or  her  home,  land,  and  tools,  and  is  living 
in  a  completely  free,  honest,  peaceable 
world;  yet,  it  may  be  seen  at  once  that 
under  these  isolated  conditions  of  living 
and  single  -  handed  method  of  working, 
everybody  would  still  be  a  lonely  toiler, 
with  but  a  scanty  supply  of  crude  com- 
modities, few  comforts  and  conveniences, 
and  scarcely  any  opportunities  for  socia- 
bility and  intellectual  attainments. 

It  is  often  asserted  that  the  reason  why 
the  masses  are  still  poor  toilers  is  because 
the  classes  own,  control,  and  monopolize 
such  a  large  proportion  of  all  the  land, 


20  MODERN  PARADISE 

homes,  and  machinery.  But  is  such  really 
the  case?  In  the  accompanying  illustra- 
tion, all  the  inhabitants  individually  own 
and  operate  a  home,  land,  and  appropriate 
tools.  Still  they  are  all  comparatively 
poor,  lonely  toilers.  Not,  however,  because; 
of  any  graft  or  monopoly,  but  because  they 
are  not  using  a  good  method  of  living  and 
working.  There  is  little  or  no  united  ef- 
fort, no  division  of  labor,  little  or  no  con- 
genial sociability,  and  as  single-handed 
workers,  they  are  obliged  to  use  primitive 
tools  instead  of  large  modern  machinery. 

If  two  and  two  would  live  and  work  to- 
gether, conditions  could  be  somewhat  bet- 
ter. If  as  many  as  ten  would  co-operate 
harmoniously,  conditions  could  be  still 
much  better;  and  if  500  or  a  1,000  would 
do  so,  conditions  would  probably  be  the 
best  possible.  There  is,  however,  no  doubt, 
a  limit  to  the  number  of  individuals  that 
can  live  and  work  together  to  the  best  ad- 
vantage. It  is  evident  that  it  would  not 
be  well  for  each  bee  to  live  in  a  separate 
hive,  neither  would  it  be  well  for  all  the 


MAN'S  DEVELOPMENT  21 

bees  of  a  certain  state  or  of  the  United 
States  to  live  and  work  together  in  one 
hive,  or  for  all  the  birds  to  be  in  one  flock; 
and  the  same  is,  no  doubt,  true  of  the  hu- 
man race.  All  the  people  of  the  United 
States  could  not  advantageously  dine  in 
one  dining  hall.  Nature  prompts  to  co-op- 
erate in  groups,  but  the  groups  must  be  of 
the  right  number  of  individuals  in  order 
to  realize  the  best  results  of  modern  co- 
operation. The  size  and  intelligence  of 
the  group,  and  the  capacity  of  the  machin- 
ery they  operate  must  be  in  unison. 

VI. 
PROGRESSIVE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  MAN. 

NTHROPOLOGY  is  the  science  of  the 
human  race.  It  teaches  that  man  is 
a  progressive  being;  that  our  primitive  an- 
cestors were  of  a  solitary  disposition, 
roaming  in  the  forest,  living  in  trees, 
caves,  and  later  in  the  crudest  kind  of 
huts.  But  as  time  passed,  sentiments  for 
industry  and  sociability  developed  simul- 


22  MODERN  PARADISE 

taneously,  and  the  so-called  civilized  man 
slowly  passed  through  the  domestic  stages 
of  tent,  wigwam,  dug-out,  shanty,  and  is 
now  living  in  a  modern  cottage  and  a 
servant-kept  mansion.  But  are  some  of 
the  pioneers  of  social  and  industrial  pro- 
gress not  outgrowing  the  cottage  and  the 
servant-kept  mansion;  the  lonely  country 
and  the  densely  crowded  city  life  the  same 
as  our  ancestors  outgrew  former  institu- 
tions and  customs  ?  Are  not  the  senti- 
ments and  refined  tastes  of  our  leaders  for 
social,  domestic,  and  industrial  conveni- 
ences and  intellectuality  reaching  out  a  iter 
larger  and  higher  things  than  the  cottage 
and  the  servant -kept  mansion  now  fur- 
nish ? 

Are  Ave  not  rapidly  drifting  toward  the 
large  Co-operative  Mansion,  where  the 
growing  sentiments  of  mutual  helpfulness 
and  wider  sociability  can  find  more  com- 
plete expression;  where  there  are  no  mas- 
ters and  no  servants;  no  pampered  idlers 
and  no  dejected  toilers;  and  where  unin- 
vasive  freedom  is  unhampered. 


MAN'S  DEVELOPMENT  23 

In  Economics,  man  first  depended  for 
his  material  subsistence  on  the  sponta- 
neous products  of  nature.  He  then  contin- 
ually lived  from  hand  to  mouth.  There 
was  then  little  or  no  accumulated  wealth 
at  any  season  of  the  year  to  tide  him  over 
a  period  of  scarcity.  Later  he  slowly 
learned  to  till  the  soil  with  crude  hand 
tools,  then  domesticated  the  draught  ani- 
mal, invented  the  steam  engine,  and  now 
is  fairly  entering  the  age  of  the  dynamo, 
electric  motor,  automobile,  and  flying  ma- 
chine. 

His  aim  has  always  been  to  produce 
more  and  better  goods  with  less  human  ef- 
fort, and  to  widen  the  fields  for  social  and 
industrial  companionship,  intellectual  at- 
tainments, and  personal  liberty.  These 
progressive  sentiments,  we  propose  to  fur- 
ther develop  to  an  unusual  degree  under 
the  favorable  environment  and  universal 
prosperity  of  Modern  Paradise,  briefly  de- 
picted in  the  following  pages. 


VII. 

ESSENTIAL  SOCIOLOGIC  FACTORS. 

•pVERYBODY  requires  wealth  —  food, 
■"-'  clothing,  shelter,  and  luxuries;  the 
only  real  wealth  there  is;  and  every  cul- 
tured person  also  requires  a  number  of  in- 
telligent social  and  industrial  companions. 
It  is  plainly  evident  that  all  wealth  must 
be  produced  by  the  combined  function  of 
hand  and  brain.  Everybody  is,  therefore, 
a  necessary  consumer,  but  by  no  means 
are  we  all  useful  producers. 

Among  the  non-producers  may  be  men- 
tioned, the  small  children,  the  aged,  the 
disabled,  the  gamblers,  speculators,  a  large 
army  of  superfluous  eommercialists,  and 
other  unproductive  and  destructive  labor- 
ers. Hence,  the  larger  the  number  of  use- 
ful producers  is  to  the  number  of  consum- 
ers, the  shorter  may  the  average  work-day 
be.  Every  additional  idler  or  unproduc- 
tive worker  adds  to  the  toil  of  the  real  pro- 
ducers. Every  able-bodied  person  should, 
therefore,   feel   proud   of   being  a   useful 


ESSENTIAL  FACTORS  25 

producer  as  well  as  a  necessary  consumer. 

By  looking  over  the  history  of  the  past, 
we  find  that  as  man  gradually  became  more 
and  more  proficient  in  production,  he  also 
developed  additional  cunning  in  the  work 
of  despoliation,  so  that  first  military  plun- 
der, and  later  cunning  commercial  specula- 
tion soon  largely  took  the  place  of  useful 
production  and  equitable  distribution,  and 
to  a  large  extent  this  is  still  the  practice 
in  all  the  leading  nations  of  the  world. 

As  a  rule,  the  serf,  slave,  and  wage- 
earner  receive  only  a  part  of  what  they 
actually  produce,  and  this,  no  doubt,  ac- 
counts for  the  fact  that  nearly  all  reform- 
ers are  treating  sociologic  questions  almost 
solely  from  the  standpoint  of  equitable  dis- 
tribution. Too  many  seem  to  think  that  a 
free,  honest  world  must  necessarily  be  a 
good  world;  but  as  may  be  seen  by  the 
foregoing  illustration,  this  may  not  be  the 
case.  A  complete  sociologic  system  implies 
at  least  five  almost  equally  important  fac- 
tors to  which  I  shall  hereafter  refer  as  the 


2U  MODERN  PARADISE 

Sociologic  Quintette.     These  five  factors 
are: 

1.  Efficient  Production, 

2.  Equitable  Distribution, 

3.  Wise  Accumulation, 

4.  Economical  Consumption, 

5.  Harmonious  Association. 

Not  one  of  these  five  factors  of  the  So- 
ciological Quintette  can  be  dropped  or 
slighted  in  a  work  on  Social  Science  with- 
out seriously  impairing  the  clearness  and 
lucidity  to  the  extent  that  it  is  omitted  or 
deficiently  treated.  It  seems  to  me  that 
we  have  so  far  missed  most  of  the  real 
kernel  of  Social  Truth,  which  is,  What  is 
the  best  conceivable  method  of  living  and 
working,  so  that  we  may  get  the  most  out 
of  life  worth  living  for? 

VIII. 
EFFICIENT  PRODUCTION. 

THE  fundamental  factors  of  Efficient 
Production  are:  1.  Ample  Material 
Resources;  such  as,  land,  forest,  mines, 
waterfalls,  favorable  climate,  etc. ;  2.  Zeal- 


EFFICIENT  PRODUCTION  27 

ous  competent  workers;  3.  A  full  supply 
of  modern  tools  and  machinery,  and  4. 
Good  methods  of  living  and  working. 

The  question  then  naturally  arises,  What 
method  of  producing  wealth  is  most  effi- 
cient? After  having  free  access  to  ample 
Natural  Resources,  shall  we  imitate  the 
hermit  who  lives  alone  and  works  alone, 
or  shall  we  co-operate  as  lord  and  serf  as 
was  done  during  feudal  times?  Or  shall 
we  co-operate  as  master  and  chattel  slave, 
or  as  employer  and  employe  as  the  modern 
trusts,  corporations,  and  industrial  com- 
binations do?  Or  shall  we  co-operate  as 
equal  partners? 

Other  things  equal,  which  of  these  meth- 
ods produces  the  most  zealous  workmen, 
and  the  best  quantity  and  quality  of  goods  ? 
Which  makes  work  least  toilsome?  Does 
the  serf,  chattel  slave,  and  employe  feel  as 
deep  an  interest  in  the  finished  products  of 
their  labor  as  an  owner  does?  Who  econo- 
mizes time  and  material  best  ? 

We  know  that  Feudalism  and  Chattel 
Slavery  are  so  defective  in  principle  that 


28  MODERN  PARADISE 

they  were  abolished  long  ago,  and  the 
wage-system  is  also  slowly  crumbling  to 
pieces  from  its  own  inherent  defects. 

Other  things  equal,  an  owner  is  unques- 
tionably the  most  efficient  producer,  and 
also  the  best  director  of  his  own  immediate 
work;  for  he  is  the  only  one  that  is  stimu- 
lated by  a  direct  personal  interest  in  the 
products  of  his  labor.  One  or  even  a  few 
co-operating  owners  can,  however,  not  pro- 
duce very  efficiently  as  was  intimated  in 
the  case  of  the  hermit. 

Experience  teaches  that  Efficient  Pro- 
duction implies  a  thorough  Division  of  La- 
bor, and  that  a  thorough  division  of  labor 
implies  the  co-operation  of  quite  a  large 
number  of  intelligent  workers;  and  in  or- 
der to  produce  the  best  results  in  quality 
and  quantity  of  the  goods  produced,  all 
workers  must  have  a  direct  personal  in- 
terest in  the  products  of  their  labor.  Own- 
ership is,  therefore,  one  of  the  necessary 
factors  of  efficient  production. 

Now  with  regard  to  tools.  Should  the 
field  and  the  garden  be  spaded  and  raked 


EFFICIENT  PRODUCTION  29 

with  primitive  hand  tools,  or  can  they  be 
cultivated  more  efficiently  with  team  and 
plow,  or  still  better  with  traction  automo- 
biles? Should  each  individual  prepare  his 
own  meals  like  the  lone  bachelor,  or  should 
the  group  of  owning  workers  co-operate 
domestically  as  well  as  industrially? 
Should  dishes  and  linen  be  washed,  floors 
cleaned,  dough  kneaded,  and  fruit  and  po- 
tatoes be  pared  by  hand,  or  on  a  much  larg- 
er scale  by  modern  machinery  1 

As  we  shall  see,  in  Modern  Paradise  all 
these  four  essential  factors  of  production 
are  of  a  very  high  degree  of  efficiency — 
productive  Natural  Resources,  a  large 
group  of  intelligent,  self-employed  work- 
ers, a  full  supply  of  modern  tools  and  ma- 
chinery, including  a  model  factory,  and  a 
hydro-electric  power-plant,  and  the  best 
known  methods  of  domestic  and  industrial 
co-operation,  in  a  beautiful  residential 
Mansion. 


IX. 
EQUITABLE  DISTRIBUTION. 

IN  ORDER  that  the  people  of  a  commun- 
ity or  nation  may  be  strong,  healthy, 
kind,  moral,  clean,  honest,  intelligent,  sym- 
pathetic, and  refined,  they  must  not  only 
employ  an  efficient  method  of  producing 
wealth,  but  the  wealth  must  also  be  equit- 
ably distributed.  As  long  as  the  fortunate 
few  own  and  control  a  very  large  share  of 
the  total  wealth,  that  long  are  the  masses 
still  toiling  dependents.  They,  as  serfs, 
slaves,  or  as  mere  wage-earners  would  be 
practically  owned  by  their  wealthier  mas- 
ters, who  largely  own  and  monopolize  the 
land,  machinery  and  buildings,  and  hence 
the  jobs  for  which  the  wage-workers  are 
frequently  obliged  to  underbid  each  other 
in  order  to  make  a  living,  and  this  com- 
petitive struggle  for  material  subsistence 
always  causes  social  and  industrial  dis- 
cord. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  poor  and 
down-trodden  become  cruel,  weak,  dishon- 


EQUITABLE  DISTRIBUTION  31 

est,  immoral,  and  indifferent  to  cleanliness 
and  refinement ;  and  when  hard  pressed  in 
the  struggle  for  existence,  they  frequently 
rob,  steal,  deceive,  and  even  murder  under 
the  severe  strain  of  getting  bread ;  and  not 
only  that,  but  poverty  also  breeds  vermin, 
slums,  and  spreads  epidemics. 

The  enormously  wealthy,  the  same  as  the 
very  poor,  are  also  often  a  danger  to  the 
community.  They  mostly  live  an  idle  life, 
looking  upon  labor  as  rather  a  disgrace. 
They  are  universally  extravagant  and  their 
excessive  idleness  frequently  leads  to  im- 
morality and  dissipation,  which  are  injuri- 
ous to  the  life  and  welfare  of  the  commun- 
ity. 

Hence,  any  system  of  unjust  distribution 
of  wealth,  the  same  as  a  deficient  produc- 
tion, makes  it  unpleasant,  unsafe,  and  un- 
healthy for  all;  for  it  must  be  admitted 
that  as  long  as  there  is  one  very  poor,  or 
one  enormously  rich  in  any  community, 
that  community  or  neighborhood  is  not 
such  a  fit  place  to  live  in,  as  if  neither  was 
too  poor  nor  too  rich.    Thus  we  see  that 


32  .MODERN  PARADISE 

every  injustice  concerning  the  distribution 
of  wealth  done  even  to  the  humblest  in  the 
land,  ultimately  reflects  back  on  all  others. 

In  Modern  Paradise,  we  fully  recognize 
this  important  interdependence  and  pro- 
vide that  every  man,  woman,  and  child, 
may  have  an  independent  personal  income, 
equal  to  the  whole  wealth  which  each  in- 
dividual laborer  as  equal  partner  pro- 
duces. The  helpless  children  as  well  as 
the  disabled  adults  are  also  richly  pro- 
vided for. 

Every  member,  whether  infant  or  adult, 
would  also  inherit  from  generation  to  gen- 
eration an  equal  equity  in  all  the  public 
utilities;  such  as,  land,  buildings,  machin- 
ery, and  all  other  means  of  production 
owned  and  operated  in  common  as  we  now 
inherit  an  equal  interest  in  our  postoffices, 
public  schools,  etc. 

Such  a  distribution  of  wealth,  we  think, 
is  highly  equitable  as  well  as  desirable  for 
a  group  of  intelligent  people  to  adopt.  It 
would  practically  end  the  toilsome  struggle 
for  bread,  and  with  this  unpleasant  strug- 


SECTION  OF  A  CONVENIENT  LAUNDRY. 


Yig.  3. 


This  Laundry  has  a  daily  capacity  of  65,000  pieces 
of  linen,  and  nearly  all  the  work  is  performed  with 
machinery.  A  group  of  domestic  co-operators  can 
easily  install  and  maintain  a  large,  convenient  laun- 
dry.   (By  courtesy  of  The  Waldorf-Astoria  Hotel.) 


WISE  ACCUMULATION  33 

gle  substantially  eliminated,  men,  women, 
and  children  would  soon  develop  into  ter- 
restial  angels  as  compared  with  what  they 
are  under  the  fierce  struggle  of  present 
monopoly. 

X. 
WISE  ACCUMULATION. 

A  S  WE  are  all  growing  older;  all  liable 
■**■  to  meet  with  sickness,  accident,  floods, 
tornadoes,  crop  failures,  and  many  other 
accidents  and  misfortunes,  experience 
teaches  that  it  is  wise  to  lay  up  something 
to  tide  us  over  these  unforeseen  emergen- 
cies, and  to  leave  us  financially  independ- 
ent during  old  age.  This  saving  should,  of 
course,  not  be  of  an  avaricious  type.  Av- 
arice, on  the  one  hand,  is  perhaps  quite  as 
harmful  as  extravangance  is  on  the  other. 
Both  extremes  are,  no  doubt,  detrimental 
to  an  orderly  state  of  society. 

But  in  spite  of  these  social  and  industrial 
discordances,  millions  are  continually  liv- 
ing from  hand  to  mouth,  and  thousands  of 
others  are  daily  undermining  their  health 


34  MODERN  PARADISE 

as  well  as  neglecting  their  higher  traits  in 
the  strenuous  struggle  for  hoarding  up 
surplus  millions,  which  they  cannot  hope 
to  use.  We  think  that  such  is  not  wise  ac- 
cumulation. 

As  before  intimated,  in  Modern  Paradise 
everybody  has  an  independent  personal  in- 
come of  perhaps  not  less  than  $10  a  day 
for  their  personal  expense  of  buying  meals, 
clothing,  and  personal  luxuries.  This  $10 
a  day  represents  personal  wealth  for  which 
every  man,  woman,  or  child  worker,  wheth- 
er married  or  single,  holds  labor-checks 
which  serve  as  money,  on  the  Universal 
Warehouse  and  other  departments  on  the 
premises,  where  food,  clothing  and  per- 
sonal luxuries  are  sold  to  the  members. 

Besides  this  personal  property  repre- 
sented by  labor-checks,  each  individual 
member  has  also  an  equal  equity  in  all  the 
association's  property  —  land,  buildings, 
power  plant,  tools  and  machinery,  electric 
kitchen,  dining  room,  tableware,  and  all 
other  means  of  production — which  they 
own  and  operate  collectively. 


ECONOMICAL  CONSUMPTION  .35 

This  public  wealth  passes  from  genera- 
tion to  generation,  so  that  every  babe  born 
here  inherits  a  splendid  home  and  a  com- 
plete " start"  in  life  as  an  equal  partner 
in  all  the  public  property  of  the  associa 
tion,  and  when  it  is  old  enough  to  work  at 
some  easy  tasks,  it  has  at  its  disposal  the 
very  best  means  of  producing  and  accumu- 
lating all  the  private  personal  wealth  it 
may  desire  to  use  and  accumulate.  Thus  it 
seems  to  me  that  such  a  safe,  easy,  and 
universal  accumulation  of  public  and  pri- 
vate wealth  is,  no  doubt,  a  method  of  wise 
accumulation. 

XI. 

ECONOMICAL  CONSUMPTION. 

TATITHOUT  Economical  Consumption, 
*  ™  the  other  factors  of  the  Sociologic 
Quintette  would  amount  to  little  or  noth- 
ing. Wasteful  consumption  might  keep  us 
all  poor  in  spite  of  the  most  efficient  pro- 
duction. That  there  is  still  an  endless 
amount  of  unnecessary  waste,  both  in  ma- 


36  MODERN  PARADISE 

terial  and  labor,  no  thoughtful  observer 
can  deny. 

We  can  see  at  once  that  a  1,000  hermits 
cooking  a  1,000  meals  in  a  1,000  kitchens 
would  require  an  immense  amount  of  waste 
labor,  fuel,  cooking  utensils,  etc.,  that  could 
be  saved  by  domestic  co-operation  on  a 
large  scale.  Our  modern  method  of  cafe 
and  hotel  service  also  involves  a  great 
waste.  Often  only  a  small  part  of  the 
food  prepared  in  the  order  is  eaten.  Under 
the  wage-system,  there  is  also  a  strong- 
tendency  for  both  the  master  and  the  ser- 
vant to  be  wasteful. 

The  servant  feels  little  inducement  to 
economize  material  and  time  because  he 
has  no  direct  interest  in  the  products  of  his 
labor,  and  the  master  or  mistress  frequent- 
ly waste  labor  by  having  a  retinue  of  ser- 
vants running  after  them,  doing  the  work 
which  they  themselves  should  do,  and  so 
in  almost  all  other  directions,  there  is  a 
great  lack  of  economy  in  present-day  con- 
sumption. 

In  the  modern  commercial  world  there  is 


ECONOMICAL  CONSUMPTION  37 

still  more  waste.  As  a  rule,  nine  out  of 
every  ten  business  concerns  are  super- 
fluous. Much  of  the  rent,  insurance,  in- 
terest, clerk  hire,  and  the  numerous  small 
places  where  goods  are  being  shelf -worn  is 
a  needless  waste.  The  same  is  true  in  re- 
gard to  delivering  goods. 

Perhaps  a  dozen  or  more  delivery  wag- 
ons of  merchants,  express  companies,  fac- 
tories, laundries,  etc.,  daily  pass  over  the 
same  streets,  delivering  goods  and  solicit- 
ing trade,  where  a  few  larger  concerns 
could  do  the  business  much  cheaper  and 
also  much  better.  So  with  railroads,  tele- 
graphs, telephones,  and  other  competing 
transportation  companies.  Harmonious 
unification  is  now  an  important  factor  of 
wise  economy. 

In  Modern  Paradise,  we  propose  to  co- 
operate as  owners  and  equal  partners,  so 
that  all  will  be  keenly  interested  in  econo- 
mizing labor  and  material.  The  500  mem- 
bers cook  in  one  kitchen,  instead  of  a  hun- 
dred, eat  in  one  elegant  dining  room,  and 
heat,  light  and  cook  with  electricity  that 


38  MODERN  PARADISE 

costs  almost  nothing,  because  it  is  efficient- 
ly generated  with  water  power,  instead  of 
mining  the  coal  and  manufacturing  the  gas 
for  it. 

Instead  of  raising  billions  of  pounds  of 
horse  feed,  the  Modern  Paradisers  use  the 
electric  automobile  or  electric  tractor  for 
riding,  freighting,  farming,  and  garden- 
ing. Their  factory  and  all  their  other  ma- 
chinery is  also  run  by  water  power  that 
costs  practically  nothing.  They  all  live 
right  close  to  their  places  of  work,  educa- 
tion, and  amusements,  so  that  no  time  and 
carfare  are  necessary  to  reach  them;  and 
in  every  other  way  they  economize  labor 
and  material  by  co-operating  on  a  large 
scale  as  equal  partners,  and  with  fine  tools 
and  machinery. 

In  Commerce,  the  Modern  Paradisers 
economize  even  more.  There  are  no  de- 
structive business  competitors,  and  hence 
no  numerous  small  duplications  of  useless 
commercial  work.  In  fact,  they  have  com- 
pletely substituted  harmonious  industrial- 


HARMONIOUS  ASSOCIATION  39 

ism  in  place  of  our  modern  exploiting  com- 
mercialism. 

XII. 

HARMONIOUS  ASSOCIATION. 

|  TLTIMATELY  human  welfare  depends 
w  on  knowledge  and  sentiments  that 
lead  toward  harmonious  association — pa- 
ternal, domestic,  and  industrial.  After  we 
have  learned  how  to  live  and  how  to  work 
to  the  best  advantage,  it  will,  no  doubt,  be 
very  easy  to  get  all  the  material  wealth  we 
would  reasonably  desire.  Hence  Harmoni- 
ous Association  presupposes  intelligent 
members  of  society.  They  must  be  able  to 
plainly  see  and  keenly  feel  that  every  in- 
jury done  to  others,  no  matter  how  hum- 
ble their  station,  ultimately  tends  to  reflect 
back  on  the  wrongdoer  himself. 

That  there  is  still  much  social  and  indus- 
trial discord,  every  intelligent  observer 
will  admit.  So  far  the  world  has  been 
largely  a  battlefield  on  which  one  indi- 
vidual and  corporation,  one  religion,  one 
school  of  philosophy,  and  one  nation  has 


40  MODERN  PARADISE 

invariably  been  arrayed  against  another; 
the  lord  against  the  serf;  the  master 
against  the  chattel  slave;  the  employer 
against  the  employe,  and  vice  versa.  The 
landlord  against  the  tenant  and  the  ten- 
ants against  the  landlord ;  and  one  farmer, 
merchant,  corporation,  and  trust  against 
another. 

In  domesticity  the  discord  has  so  far 
been  almost  equally  great.  The  farmer 
passes  his  domestic  life  on  a  lonely  farm. 
In  the  densely  crowded  cities,  we  have  the 
slums,  skyscrapers,  elevated  and  under- 
ground roads,  the  redlight  districts,  numer- 
ous saloons,  endless  dust,  smoke  and  noise ; 
foul  air,  little  or  no  life-giving  vegetation, 
and  usually  a  long,  strenuous  day's  work, 
often  under  the  stress  of  a  severe  master. 
In  most  cases  the  members  of  the  family, 
young  and  old,  are  huddled  together  in  one 
or  two  little  rooms  of  a  cottage  or  family 
residence,  which,  as  a  rule,  are  poorly 
ventilated  and  cold  in  the  winter  and  hot 
in  the  summer. 

Here  the  mothers  are  usuallv  over-bur- 


DISHWASHING    MACHINE. 


Vig.  4. 


A  motor-driven  Dishwashing  Machine  that  washes 
12,000  dishes  per  hour.  It  can  outwork  twenty  per- 
sons.    It  is  the  mechanical  servant  of  the  kitchen. 


HARMONIOUS  ASSOCIATION  41 

dened  with  domestic  and  maternal  cares, 
but  do  not  even  receive  an  independent 
personal  income  for  all  their  domestic 
worry  and  toil.  Children,  during  those 
times  when  they  are  not  confined  in  dreary 
school  rooms,  seldom  have  suitable  places 
where  they  can  romp,  play,  learn,  and  work 
in  accordance  with  their  childish  natures. 
Our  present  Personal  Liberty  is  also  too 
often  of  a  cheap  type.  There  are,  of 
course,  numerous  other  social  discords, 
which,  for  want  of  space,  cannot  even  be 
suggested  here. 

Now  let  us  look  for  a  moment  at  human 
association  from  a  rational  standpoint. 

It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  at  times 
every  individual  prefers  to  be  alone,  and 
at  other  times  desires  to  be  in  company 
with  a  coterie  of  congenial  social  compan- 
ions and  co-laborers.  Youth,  in  order  to 
develop  body  and  mind  to  the  highest  de- 
gree, needs  to  be  constantly  active ;  old  age 
more  quiet. 

At  times  we  enjoy  the  company  of  a 
prattling  babe;  at  other  times,  desire  to 


42  MODERN  PARADISE 

witness  the  feats  of  strength  and  skill  of 
youth,  and  at  still  other  times,  we  are 
amused  and  entertained  by  the  garrulous 
talk  of  old  age;  and  again  by  the  fervent 
thrills  of  fond  lovers.  All  these  are  nat- 
ural sentiments  conducive  to  health  and 
well-being,  as  long  as  they  are  exercised 
to  a  normal  degree. 

A  rational  social  system  seeks  to  work 
in  harmony  with  these  natural  sentiments, 
instead  of  arbitrarily  suppressing  them  as 
has  been  almost  universally  attempted  up 
to  date. 

As  before  intimated,  in  Modern  Para- 
dise the  500  co-operators  live  and  work  to- 
gether on  a  fine  country  estate.  They  live 
in  a  magnificent  Co-operative  Mansion, 
containing  the  means  for  complete  individ- 
ual seclusion  when  desired,  or  the  widest 
sociability  for  old  and  young.  The  chil- 
dren have  fine  nurseries,  play-grounds, 
swimming  pools  and  play-schools,  and  as 
soon  as  they  desire  to  earn  spending  money 
for  themselves,  they  have  every  opportun- 
ity to  do  so  within  easy  reach.    They  are 


HARMONIOUS  ASSOCIATION  43 

never  arbitrarily  confined  in  school  rooms. 

Woman,  whether  married  or  single,  has 
an  independent  income  the  same  as  man. 
The  power  plant  furnishes  heat,  light,  and 
mechanical  power.  They  ride,  freight, 
garden,  and  farm  with  powerful  traction 
automobiles.  They  cook  and  bake  in  a 
convenient  co-operative,  electric  kitchen; 
sweep,  wash  dishes,  launder  clothes,  mix 
dough,  and  pare  fruit  and  vegetables  with 
large  convenient  machinery,  and  do  all 
other  work  on  a  large  scale  by  co-operative 
methods,  instead  of  doing  it  in  numerous 
small  ways  by  hand.  Their  means  of  edu- 
cation, recreation,  and  amusements,  cou- 
pled with  ideal  liberty  and  personal  re- 
sponsibility, is  almost  faultless.  Hence 
the  Modern  Paradisers  preserve  their  per- 
sonal wealth  collectively,  but  each  owns 
his  or  her  share  of  it  individually  by  labor- 
checks. 

By  thus  taking  a  brief  survey  of  the  five 
necessary  social  and  economic  factors, 
composing  the  Sociologic  Quintette,  we  be- 
lieve that  the  Modern  Paradise  plan  of  liv- 


44  MODERN  PARADISE 

ing  and  working  warrants  the  highest  con- 
ceivable degree  of  Efficient  Production, 
Equitable  Distribution,  Wise  Accumula- 
tion, Economical  Consumption,  and  per- 
haps most  important  of  all  Harmonious 
Association,  which  we  shall  now  proceed 
to  investigate  more  specifically,  beginning 
with  the  land  which  composes  the  landed 
estate  of  Modern  Paradise. 

XIII. 
LANDED  ESTATE. 

WE  ALL  know  that  everybody  requires 
land — natural  resources  —  for  occu- 
pancy and  use.  Hence  no  individual  or 
people  can  be  really  free  or  independent 
without  the  use  of  free  land,  for  those  that 
own  and  monopolize  the  land,  also  practi- 
cally own  the  men  and  women  that  reside 
on  the  monopolized  land. 

A  tract  of  level,  productive  agricultural 
land,  perhaps  four  miles  square  (about 
10,000  acres)  located  in  a  salubrious  cli- 
mate, in  the  vicinity  of  good  water  power, 


CO-OPERATIVE  ESTATE. 


Ffc.  5. 


The  Co-Operative  Farm  is  four  miles  square,  and 
contains  about  10. 000  acres  of  productive  land  in  a 
favorable  climate  in  the  vicinity  of  good  water  power. 
The  farming  and  gardening  are  done  on  a  large 
scale  with  powerful  electric  traction  automobiles. 


LANDED  ESTATE  45 

and  not  too  far  from  a  progressive  rail- 
road, would  make  an  ideal  premises  for 
the  first  co-operative  association,  composed 
of  500  or  more  equal,  economic  partners 
as  here  contemplated  in  the  Modern  Para- 
dise plan. 

The  premises  as  shown  by  the  accom- 
panying diagram  could  be  conveniently 
crossed  in  the  center  with  neatly  paved  or 
steel-plated  boulevards,  which  would  make 
the  finest  automobile  and  bicycle  roads  in 
the  world,  and  if  well  constructed  and  kept 
in  repair  would  last  for  centuries. 

Fine  walks  with  shade  trees  could  ex- 
tend along  each  side  of  the  boulevards, 
and  a  strip  of  land  fringing  the  walks  on 
both  sides  of  the  boulevards,  could  be  very 
conveniently  used  for  extensive  gardens, 
orchards,  parks,  lawns,  play-grounds, 
fountains,  swimming  pools,  play-schools, 
sugar  maples,  and  other  forest  and  shrub- 
bery bearing  edible  nuts,  etc.  The  remain- 
der of  the  co-operative  farm  could  be  used 
for  agriculture,  domestic  forest,  and  the 
like. 


46  MODERN  PARADISE 

This,  of  course,  means  more  land  than  is 
really  necessary  for  the  sustenance  of  the 
500  charter  members;  but  as  the  popula- 
tion might  somewhat  increase  in  the  fu- 
ture, it  would  perhaps  be  well  to  have  some 
suitable  land  in  reserve.  As  we  shall  pres- 
ently see,  by  the  method  of  extensive  auto- 
mobile farming  and  gardening,  it  can  eas- 
ily all  be  cultivated  by  the  500  members. 

XIV 
MODERN  PARADISE  BUILDINGS. 

TjESIDES  the  various  summer  houses, 
*-*  playhouses,  play-schools,  out-door 
gymnasiums  and  nurseries,  located  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  parks  and  on  the  play- 
grounds, there  would  be  four  large  build- 
ings :  The  Co-operative  Mansion,  in  which 
all  the  co-operators  would  live  (further  on 
we  shall  also  consider  cottage  residences) ; 
the  Model  Factory  in  which  they  manufac- 
ture goods;  the  Universal  Warehouse  in 
which  they  store  their  accumulated  wealth, 
subject   to   the   order   of   each   individual 


MODERN  PARADISE  BUILDINGS      47 

man,  woman,  and  child's  labor-checks  that 
have  produced  the  accumulated  wealth; 
and  the  Hydro-Electric  Power-Plant  (a 
power-plant  that  generates  electricity  with 
water  power)  with  which  they  generate 
their  cheap  electricity,  which  heats  and 
lights  all  the  buildings,  and  also  lights  the 
parks,  play-grounds,  and  boulevards,  and 
runs  all  the  automobiles  and  other  machin- 
ery on  the  premises. 

The  buildings  would  be  constructed  on 
the  plan  of  combining  the  principles  of 
health,  convenience,  beauty,  and  simplicity, 
in  the  highest  degree.  Everything  would 
be  clean,  well  ventilated,  with  abundance 
of  sunlight.  During  the  hot  season,  they 
could  be  cooled  by  a  system  of  ventilation ; 
during  the  winter  electricity  would  heat 
them,  so  that  the  occupants  would  scarcely 
know  whether  it  is  winter  or  summer  as  far 
as  the  temperature  in  the  buildings  is  con- 
cerned. 


XV. 

CO-OPERATIVE  MANSION. 

HpHE  Co-operativeMansion  designed  for 
-■■  these  plans  could  be  six  or  more  stories 
high,  and  about  400  feet  square,  with  a 
large  300-foot  square  open  court  in  the  cen- 
ter, as  shown  in  the  accompanying  draw- 
ing. The  drawing  is  a  mere  outline  sketch 
without  any  of  the  ornamental  parts  which 
can  embellish  the  Mansion  to  any  desired 
degree. 

This  form  of  architecture  provides 
abundant  means  for  light  and  ventilation 
for  all  departments  both  public  and  private 
of  the  entire  mansion.  Every  room  is  thus 
a  front  room  having  at  least  two  large  out- 
side windows.  This  style  of  architecture 
may  not  be  inappropriately  designated  as 
the  co-operative  architecture,  because  it  is 
so  well  adapted  for  domestic  as  well  as 
industrial  co-operation. 

Part  of  the  Co-operative  Mansion  could 
be  used  for  public  departments;  such  as, 
a   clean,    cheerful,    co-operative,     electric 


CO-OPERATIVE  MANSION. 


n%.  6. 


The  Co  -  Operative  Mansion  elegantly  accommo- 
dates about  100  families  or  500  men,  women,  and 
children,  and  is  located  in  a  beautiful  park  in  the 
center  of  a  large  productive  farm.  The  cooking, 
heating,  lighting,  etc.,  is  done  with  electricity.  Part 
of  the  Mansion  is  used  for  public  and  part  for  pri- 
vate apartments.  As  may  be  seen,  every  room  is  a 
"front"  room,  and  has  at  least  two  large  outside 
windows.  The  Mansion  requires  no  chimneys,  no 
fuel  and  no  kerosene.  No  palace  of  any  King  was 
ever  so  grand,  so  healthful,  so  convenient,  and  so 
elevating  to  the  life  and  character  of  its  occupants. 
The  Mansion  may  be  ornamented  to  any  degree. 


CO-OPERATIVE  MANSION  49 

kitchen,  an  elegant  hall  or  theater ;  a  splen- 
did library ;  a  laboratory  and  drug  depart- 
ment; physical  and  astronomical  appara- 
tus ;  a  fine  printing  outfit ;  elegant  art  and 
photograph  galleries;  museum,  conserva- 
tories, billiard  hall,  and  automobile  par- 
lors. 

Complete  mail,  water,  elevator,  and  tele- 
phone systems;  a  sanitarium,  co-operative 
nurseries,  kindergartens,  instruction  halls ; 
public  conversation  rooms,  and  such  other 
conveniences  as  a  progressive  association 
might  from  time  to  time  desire. 

Every  member  from  the  youngest  to  the 
oldest  could  also  have  a  large,  elegant  pri- 
vate apartment  in  the  Mansion,  which  af- 
fords the  most  seclusive  privacy  when  de- 
sired. As  may  be  seen  by  the  drawing, 
these  private  apartments  can  each  be  in- 
dependent, or  in  suites  of  two  or  more 
rooms  to  suit  the  taste  of  the  individuals 
or  families  occupying  them.  Or,  five  or  six 
persons  could  room  together  in  one  large 
living  room  as  shown  by  H  in  the  drawing. 

It  seems  plain  that  without  domestic  co- 


f»(J  MODERN  PARADISE 

operation,  women  can  never  hope  to  get  rid 
of  excessive  kitchen  and  nursery  toil  and 
worry;  nor  can  they  hope  to  ever  become 
economically  independent  as  long  as  they 
continue  the  cottage  mode  of  family  living 
and  working.  More  will  be  said  on  this 
subject  in  a  future  topic. 

XVI. 

MODEL  FACTORY. 

'"pHE  Model  Factory  and  the  Universal 
A  Warehouse  are  built  on  the  same  gen- 
eral plans  as  is  the  Co-operative  Mansion 
already  described,  so  that  they  too  are  un- 
usually light,  clean,  and  extremely  sani- 
tary. Besides  the  home  milling,  canning, 
preserving,  and  making  of  cereals,  etc., 
there  would  be  manufactured  one  or  more 
staple  articles. 

In  this  clean,  beautiful  factory,  men  and 
women  would  work  side  by  side  as  equal 
partners,  and  there  would  thus  always  be 
plenty  of  pleasant  work  for  every  man, 
woman,  and  child  that  wishes  to  work  there 


FLOOR  IN  CO-OPERATIVE  MANSION, 
SHOWING  PRIVATE  APART- 
MENTS, ETC. 


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^^MRSIS? 

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iv'j.v'.* 

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i 

A 

SS 

$1 

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SiSUL    H 

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rj| 

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l&iliil&f^ 

H 

Fig.  7. 


A,  300-foot-square  open  court;  B,  Doited  squares 
are  private  apartments  20  feet  square;  D,  Public 
nurseries;  C.  Corridors  or  halls  10  feet  wide;  E, 
Toilets;  F,  Elevators;  G,  Suites  of  two  and  five 
rooms  respectively;  and  H,  a  large  living  room  for 
five  co-operative  roomers. 


MODEL  FACTORY  51 

during  the  short  three  or  four  hour  work- 
ing day.  As  we  shall  presently  see,  the  fac- 
tory tools  and  machinery  could  be  well 
adapted  for  young  and  old  of  both  sexes. 

The  factory,  farm,  and  garden  should 
always  be  closely  combined,  not  only  with 
regard  to  the  location,  but  also  with  regard 
to  operation,  so  that  labor  can  readily  be 
shifted  from  factory  to  farm  and  garden 
during  planting  and  harvesting  seasons. 
In  the  winter,  most  of  the  members  would 
work  in  the  factory,  in  the  summer  more 
would  do  their  daily  work  out-doors.  The 
Modern  Paradise  method  of  living  and 
working  completely  attains  this  important 
end. 

A  portion  of  the  Model  Factory  would 
be  equipped  with  fine  tools  and  machinery 
specially  adapted  for  children.  This  prac- 
tical factory  would  serve  as  part  of  the 
manual  training  school  where  boys  and 
girls  would  learn  useful  industrialism. 
Here  they  would  not  only  learn  to  become 
skilled  workers  at  an  unusually  young  age, 
but  would  also  have  an  unlimited  oppor- 


52  .MODERN'  PARADISE 

timity  to  earn  all  the  spending  money  (la- 
bor-checks) they  would  want  in  a  free  and 
<^asy  way.  Each  worker  would  receive  the 
full  value  of  his  or  her  production.  They 
could  work  at  -what  they  liked  best,  and 
come  and  go  when  they  pleased  Under 
such  free  and  easy  methods  of  juvenile 
work,  there  would  be  no  need  of  child  labor 
laws.  The  children  would  be  free  to  regu- 
late their  own  time  and  work.  Their  fac- 
tory work  would  be  all  liberal  piece-work, 
and  no  one  would  ever  be  asked  to  work. 

XVII. 

UNIVERSAL  WAREHOUSE. 

TN  THE  Universal  Warehouse  are  stored 
■■■  the  finished  and  accumulated  commodi- 
ties of  farm,  garden,  orchard,  factory,  etc. 
To  keep  this  Warehouse  and  the  Mansion's 
Department  Store  well  filled  is  all  the  eco- 
nomic work  the  Modern  Paradisers  would 
have  to  do.  If  it  would  be  getting  too  full, 
they  would  naturally  shorten  the  average 
work-day.    On  the  other  hand,  if  the  quan- 


UNIVERSAL  WAREHOUSE  53 

tity  of  commodities  would  tend  to  diminish, 
the  work-day  would  be  somewhat  length- 
ened, so  as  to  produce  more  wealth  per 
day. 

In  this  manner,  would  all  the  members 
co-operate  in  preserving  as  well  as  in  pro- 
ducing the  aggregate  wealth  of  the  asso- 
ciation, but  each  individual  man,  woman, 
and  child  laborer  would  hold  labor-certifi- 
cates for  such  a  part  of  the  total  accumu- 
lated wealth  as  each  individual's  labor  has 
contributed  toward  the  aggregate.  Each 
individual,  whether  man,  woman,  or  child, 
has  thus  complete  control  of  all  the  sur- 
plus wealth  he  or  she  produced,  and  can 
draw  it  out  at  any  time  the  labor-checks 
are  presented  for  that  purpose. 

The  surplus  of  any  kind  of  goods  would 
be  sold  to  the  outside  world  and  with  that 
United  States  money  other  needed  com- 
modities would  be  bought  the  same  as  in- 
dividuals and  corporations  now  buy  and 
sell  to  each  other;  although  every  Modern 
Paradise  would  naturally  adopt  home  pro- 
duction wherever  this  can  be  done  to  good 


54  MODERN  PARADISE 

advantage.  Home  production  saves  the 
cost  of  transportation  and  the  trouble  of 
buying-  and  selling. 

XVIII. 

HYDRO-ELECTRIC  POWER-PLANT. 

'"pHE  Power-Plant  of  such  a  co-operative 
*  association  should  be  hydro-electric; 
that  is,  a  power  plant  that  generates  elec- 
tricity with  water  power  instead  of  steam 
power.  There  should  perhaps  be  two  or 
three  independent  modern  water-wheels, 
so  that  enough  electric  current  can  be  de- 
veloped to  use  for  heating  and  lighting, 
cooking  and  baking,  washing  and  ironing, 
and  for  riding,  freighting,  gardening,  and 
farming,  as  well  as  for  all  other  purposes 
for  which  electric  current  can  be  used  with 
advantage. 

Such  a  modern  hydro-electric  power 
plant  immensely  reduces  the  toil  and  raises 
the  average  comforts  and  conveniences  of 
life,  and  after  it  is  once  thoroughly  in- 
stalled, it  generates   abundant  electricity 


POWER  STATION  55 

for  almost  nothing.  Wood,  coal,  and  steam 
engines  will  then  be  superfluous  quantities. 

It  may  be  suggested  here,  that  hydro- 
electric power-stations  are  springing  up 
like  magic.  The  first  important  one  on  the 
Pacific  coast  was  installed  in  1893.  Now 
there  are  more  than  80  of  them  alone  in 
the  state  of  California,  and  many  of  them 
transmit  electricity  by  wire  for  hundreds 
of  miles.  The  people  are  just  discovering 
the  immense  utility  of  water  power,  and  no 
one  can  at  present  foresee  how  man  in  the 
near  future  may  be  able  to  harness  the 
wind,  the  wave,  the  solar  energy,  or  even 
the  enormous  heat  of  the  interior  of  the 
earth.  Eminent  inventors  are  working 
along  all  of  these  lines. 

We  are,  no  doubt,  just  beginning  to  en- 
ter the  electric  age,  and  we  have  every  rea- 
son to  believe  that  undreamed  of  results 
will  be  unfolded  in  the  mechanical  world 
before  the  close  of  the  present  century. 


XIX. 

TOOLS  AND  MACHINERY. 

npHE  HIGHER  the  civilization,  the  bet- 
*■  ter  and  more  varied  the  tools  and  ma- 
chinery. The  modern  wealth  producer  is 
lost  without  an  ample  supply  of  good  tools 
and  machinery.  Hence,  the  better  the  me- 
chanical appliances,  the  easier  and  the 
more  efficient  can  be  the  production,  distri- 
bution, accumulation,  and  consumption  of 
wealth,  and  with  universal  prosperity  goes 
social  harmony. 

The  Modern  Paradisers  would  own  and 
operate  an  ample  supply  of  first  class  tools 
and  machinery  in  all  their  various  fields 
of  labor.  As  before  intimated,  we  are  now 
just  in  the  beginning  of  the  age  of  electric- 
ity, and  all  motive  power  seems  to  be  tend- 
ing that  way.  Before  long  it  will,  no  doubt, 
do  the  work  of  the  draught  animal,  stove, 
and  steam  and  gasoline  engines. 

The  Eight  Great  Electric  Inventions  that 
can  be  prominently  used  in  Modern  Para- 
dise are  the  Dynamo,  which  generates  or 


TOOLS  AND  MACHINERY  57 

creates  electricity;  the  Electric  Motor, 
which  applies  electricity  to  the  running  of 
other  machinery;  the  Storage  Battery,  in 
which  electricity  may  be  carried  from  place 
to  place ;  or  stored  up  for  future  use,  as  in 
the  case  of  the  Electric  Automobile;  the 
Electric  Kitchen  Range;  the  Electric  Auto- 
mobile, which  may  be  used  for  riding, 
freighting,  gardening,  and  farming  pur- 
poses; the  Electric  Heater  with  which 
buildings  may  be  conveniently  heated;  the 
Electric  Telephone,  and  the  Electric  Light, 
the  most  important  of  all  Mr.  Edison's 
numerous  inventions. 

There  would  be  a  rich  supply  of  fine  tools 
and  machinery  on  the  farm,  in  the  factory, 
electric  kitchen,  warehouse,  garden,  power- 
house, cold  storage,  printing-room,  gym- 
nasium, kindergartens,  nurseries,  play- 
schools, as  well  as  all  other  places  where 
tools,  apparatus,  and  machinery  can  be 
used  to  advantage. 


XX. 
DYNAMO  AND  ELECTRIC  MOTOR. 

qpHE  DYNAMO  is  the  machine  that  gen- 
■■■  erates  or  develops  electricity  for  com- 
mercial and  industrial  purposes.  It  does 
this  by  rapidly  turning  on  its  axis.  Steam 
and  water  power  is  now  used  for  turning 
it.  The  dynamo  and  the  work  it  perforins 
is  one  of  the  mechanical  wonders  of  the 
modern  world,  and  how  much  more  it  will 
still  be  improved  in  the  future,  no  one  can 
at  present  foretell. 

The  Electric  Motor  is  one  of  the  most 
important  machines  now  in  use.  It  applies 
the  electricity  generated  by  the  dynamo  to 
other  machinery.  One  dynamo  may  run  a 
hundred  or  even  a  thousand  motors  located 
in  different  localities,  even  hundreds  of 
miles  from  the  dynamo,  if  they  are  proper- 
ly connected  by  wire  to  the  dynamo.  With- 
out the  electric  motor,  the  dynamo  would 
be  of  little  use  in  the  mechanical  world. 

With  extensive,  equitable  Co-operation, 
the  electric  motor  driven  by  the  dynamo, 


MODEL  FACTORY. 


Fis.  s. 


Interior  view  of  a  section  of  the  National  Cash 
Register  Factory,  Dayton,  Ohio;  a  typical  example  of 
the  modern,  up-to-date  Factory.  In  Modern  Paradise, 
men,  women,  and  children  would  work  side  by  side. 


WATER  POWER  59 

will  do  much  of  the  housework  which  is 
now  done  by  hand.  In  the  Model  Factory, 
the  electric  motor  would  run  all  the  ma- 
chinery. Every  important  machine  could 
have  a  separate  motor. 

The  Universal  Warehouse  would  also  be 
well  equipped  with  electric  motors  for  load- 
ing and  unloading  freight,  cleaning  grain, 
and  operating  elevators  and  dumps.  The 
electric  motor  also  propels  the  electric  au- 
tomobile, which,  in  Modern  Paradise, 
would  be  used  for  riding,  freighting,  gar- 
dening, and  farming. 

XXI. 

USEFULNESS  OF  WATER  POWER. 

¥  ET  US  here  glance  at  the  marvelous 
*-/  helpfulness  of  the  modern  water- 
wheels.  With  the  help  of  the  dynamo  and 
the  electric  motor,  its  transformed  revolu- 
tions are  cooking  the  meals  on  the  electric- 
range;  washing,  drying,  and  ironing  the 
garments  in  the  laundry ;  heating  and  light- 
ing the  buildings;  washing  the  dishes  in 


60  MODERN  PARADISE 

the  kitchen  and  restaurant;  spinning  and 
weaving  in  the  factory,  and  by  means  of 
the  electric  automobile,  it  plows,  sows  and 
harvests  the  fields,  hauls  the  freight  and 
passengers,  and  heats  and  lights  the  elec- 
tric automobile  as  it  swiftly  speeds  along 
the  smooth,  steel-plated  boulevards. 

The  harmonious  combination  of  the  best 
modern  water-wheel  and  dynamo  is,  in- 
deed, marvelous.  One  short  shaft  having 
a  securely-housed,  8,000-horse-power,  tan- 
gential water-wheel  on  one  end,  and  a  dy- 
namo or  generator  of  equal  capacitiy  on 
the  other,  constitutes  the  generating  ma- 
chinery of  the  simplest  modern  power- 
house, and  after  the  best  kind  of  hydro- 
electric power-plant  is  once  thoroughly  in- 
stalled and  owned  by  the  wealth  producers 
themselves,  the  actual  cost  of  producing 
large  quantities  of  electricity  is  almost 
nothing. 

The  water-wheel  may  run  day  and  night, 
Sunday  and  week  day,  always  helping  to 
reduce  the  toil  and  to  advance  the  comforts 
and  conveniences  of  the  co-operators  that 


ELECTRIC  KITCHEN  61 

own  and  operate  it.  Is  it  any  wonder  that 
the  average  workday  in  Modern  Paradise 
could  be  less  than  three  hours  ?  As  groups 
of  co-operators,  we  can  easily  own  and  op- 
erate such  useful  power  plants,  but  as  in- 
dividuals or  separate  families,  we  cannot. 

XXII. 

ELEGANT  ELECTRIC  KITCHEN. 

T^HE  Electric  Kitchen  Range  is  the  most 
A  important  furniture  of  the  electric 
kitchen.  To  operate  an  electric  kitchen 
range  is  extremely  simple.  Shifting  the  ad- 
justing lever  a  little,  produces  a  small 
amount  of  heat;  by  shifting  it  more  and 
more,  any  desired  intensity  of  heat  may  be 
developed,  so  that  the  most  delicate  cook- 
ing and  baking  can  be  done  in  the  shortest 
possible  time  and  with  the  least  amount  of 
cost  and  human  effort. 

With  the  electric  kitchen  range  in  use, 
there  will  be  no  wood,  kindling,  coal,  gaso- 
line, or  gas,  to  buy  and  handle ;  no  fires  to 
kindle;  no  ashes  to  carry  and  sift;  no  gas 


G2  MODERN  PARADISE 

and  soot  to  escape ;  no  chimneys  and  stove- 
pipes to  leak  and  clean ;  no  coal  scuttles  to 
lift  and  stand  in  the  way,  and  no  deranged 
woodpile  and  dilapidated  coal-house  to  dis- 
figure the  back  yard. 

The  electric  kitchen,  dining  room,  restau- 
rant, and  cafe  of  the  Co-operative  Mansion 
can  be  conveniently  located  on  the  upper 
floor,  so  that  roof  ventilators  can  carry 
off  all  kitchen  fumes  and  vapors  as  fast  as 
they  are  produced. 

An  electric  range  can,  of  course,  be  of 
any  desired  length  from  one  to  more  than 
a  hundred  feet,  and  the  large  cooking  uten- 
sils of  the  co-operative  kitchen  can  be 
lifted,  shifted  and  tilted  with  electric 
power.  Hence  for  health,  convenience,  and 
cleanliness,  does  the  electric  range  far  sur- 
pass any  other  cooking  apparatus  ever 
used. 


XXIII. 

ELECTRIC  HEATERS. 

npHE  Electric  Heater  is  operated  in  the 
-*•  same  simple  manner  as  is  the  electric 
kitchen  range.  The  heat  emitted  from  a 
certain  setting  is  always  uniform;  so  that 
for  health,  convenience,  and  cleanliness,  it 
is  far  superior  to  any  other  known  method 
of  artificial  heating,  and  with  an  ample 
supply  of  efficient  hydro-electric  power 
plants  owned  and  operated  by  the  wealth 
producers  themselves,  it  is  also  the  cheap- 
est method  of  artificial  heating;  although 
it  still  requires  considerable  electric  cur- 
rent to  heat  large  buildings  with  electricity. 
Electric  heaters  are  already  in  success- 
ful operation  in  street  cars,  ships,  restau- 
rants, and  are  more  and  more  coming  into 
use  in  modern  dwellings.  It  is  not  improb- 
able that  in  a  comparatively  few  years, 
many  wealthy  and  well-to-do  families  liv- 
ing in  the  vicinity  of  good  water  power, 
will  not  take  as  a  gift,  the  best  coal  that 
was  ever  mined,  if  they  had  to  use  it  for 


64  MODERN  PARADISE 

cooking  and  heating  purposes,  any  more 
than  the  present  generation  would  accept 
as  a  gift  the  tallow  candles  our  parents 
used  to  make  or  buy. 

Thus  we  may  see  how  vastly  the  electric 
heater  and  the  electric  kitchen  range  would 
help  to  reduce  domestic  toil  and  worry 
under  a  system  of  harmonious  co-operative 
house-keeping. 

xxrv. 

TELEPHONE  AND  ELECTRIC  LIGHT. 

/TkHE  Telephone  and  Electric  Light  are 
■■■  already  so  well  known  that  everybody 
is  fairly  familiar  with  their  splendid  ser- 
vice. In  Modern  Paradise,  there  could  be 
a  telephone  and  a  number  of  electric  lights 
in  every  private  apartment,  and  also  in 
most  of  the  public  departments,  so  that 
any  member  can  communicate  with  all 
Modern  Paradisers  as  well  as  with  the  out- 
side world  without  leaving  the  private 
apartment. 

With  such  domestic  co-operation,  would 
the   automatic   telephone   switchboard   be 


BUILDING  FUNDS  65 

well  adapted,  so  that  the  labor  of  the  pres- 
ent telephone  girls  could  be  saved.  Thus 
we  may  see  at  a  glance  how  enormously 
the  Eight  Great  Electric  Inventions  oper- 
ated by  efficient  modern  water-wheels  can 
lighten  the  labor  and  care,  and  enhance  the 
comforts  and  conveniences  of  human  life; 
if  a  group  of  intelligent  co-operators  use 
them  to  the  best  advantage  to  which  they 
can  now  be  put.  To  point  out  such  prac- 
tical advantages,  should  constitute  the 
prime  function  of  modern  Sociology. 

XXV. 

BUILDING  FUNDS. 

'TPHERE  are  a  number  of  feasible  ways 
-*  by  which  the  funds  for  building  and 
furnishing  such  Modern  Paradises  can  be 
raised,  especially  for  the  first  association 
of  that  kind.  For  instance,  each  member 
could  contribute  an  equitable  share,  or  by 
popular  subscription,  or  the  stock  could  be 
sold  to  suitable  persons,  or  all  the  funds 
could   be   contributed   by   one    or    a   few 


66  MODERN  PARADISE 

wealthy  men  and  women  who  are  inter- 
ested in  benefiting  themselves  as  well  as 
others  by  establishing  such  a  heaven  here 
on  earth,  or  merely  for  the  sake  of  having 
the  social,  commercial,  and  industrial  en- 
terprises put  to  a  practical  test. 

The  latter  method  is,  no  doubt,  by  far 
the  best ;  for  that  would  debar  no  poor  man 
or  woman,  who  is  mentally,  socially,  and 
industrially  qualified  from  becoming  a 
member ;  and  would  also  admit  no  unquali- 
fied wealthy  persons  on  the  mere  strength 
of  financial  support. 

It  took  Columbus  seven  years  to  find  a 
financial  partner.  Cyrus  W.  Field  also 
labored  about  that  long  in  trying  to  get 
financial  help  in  working  out  the  project  of 
laying  the  first  Atlantic  cable.  But  funds 
and  financial  partners  are  more  easily 
secured  now.  There  are  many  more  with 
surplus  millions,  and  the  spirit  of  Frater- 
nalism  has  also  been  continually  growing 
since  that  time,  so  that  hundreds  of  mil- 
lions have  been   donated  during  the  last 


ELECTRIC   KITCHEN. 


Fig.  9. 


A  section  of  the  largest  and  finest  Electric  Kitchen 
in  the  world.  (Natural  Food  Company,  Niagara  Falls, 
N.  Y.)  Such  a  model  co-operative  kitchen  could  be 
on  the  upper  floor  of  the  Co-operative  Mansion,  where 
it  could  have  abundant  roof  ventilators  for  the  emis- 
sion of  kitchen  fumes  as  fast  as  they  appear. 


BUILDING  FUNDS  67 

few  years  for  all  kinds  of  enterprises  and 
experiments. 

The  donation  of  these  funds  would  not 
be  regarded  as  an  act  of  charity,  but  rather 
as  a  profitable  investment  for  the  donors, 
who  might  wish  to  live  there  themselves, 
or  see  the  Modern  Paradise  experiment  by 
others.  It  would  be  merely  their  ideal 
home  in  which  they  are  surrounded  by  the 
best  comforts  and  most  congenial  asso- 
ciates. 

There  as  nowhere  else  in  the  world 
could  they  surround  themselves  with  a  con- 
genial coterie  of  brilliant  men,  women,  and 
children,  which  would  be  worth  immensely 
more  than  all  the  surplus  millions  they  can 
pile  up ;  for  after  a  person  has  accumulated 
all  the  wealth  he  can  reasonably  expect  to 
use,  every  additional  million  added  to  this 
sufficient  sum  is  only  an  unnecessary  bur- 
den added  to  refined  life,  and  many  of  the 
more  enlightened  and  sensitive  multimil- 
lionaires are  beginning  to  see  and  feel 
this,  and  that  is,  no  doubt,  the  reason  why 
so  many  are  now  liberally  disposing  of 


(58  MODERN  PARADISE 

their  surplus  millions  for  practical  pur- 
poses. 

The  primary  object  of  the  Modern  Para- 
dise enterprise,  if  conducted  properly, 
should  not  be  to  ascertain  with  how  many 
years  of  toil,  hardship,  and  privation,  a 
certain  number  of  cultured  co-operators 
with  no  material  resources  to  begin  with, 
can  produce  these  good  things;  but  rather 
with  how  little  labor  and  hardship,  and 
how  much  social  and  industrial  pleasure 
and  harmony  can  the  supply  of  their  wealth 
be  kept  up,  if  they  have  an  ample  suffi- 
ciency of  everything  to  begin  with.  Help- 
ing people  to  help  themselves  is  the  only 
really  good  help  that  can  be  rendered  them. 

Securing  the  funds  or  financial  partner 
or  partners  is  the  only  indefinite  factor  in 
the  matter  of  putting  the  Modern  Paradise 
enterprise  to  an  immediate  practical  test. 

With  an  ample  supply  of  funds  on  hand, 
the  whole  furnished  premises  as  here  sug- 
gested can  be  bought,  prepared  and  fur- 
nished— all  complete  for  the  reception  of 
the  charter  members  in  less  than  two  years 


CHARTER  MEMBERS  69 

time — and  this  would  bring  the  full  realiza- 
tion of  its  great  benefits  within  easy  reach 
of  almost  any  one  now  living. 

XXVI. 

SELECTION  OF  MEMBERS. 

iERHAPS  the  most  important  feature 
of  success  in  any  co-operative  enter- 
prise is  the  judicious  selection  of  its  mem- 
bers. After  everything  in  Modern  Para- 
dise is  finished  and  furnished,  the  charter 
members  should  be  carefully  selected  with 
a  view  of  being  able  and  desirous  of  living 
an  harmonious  co-operative  life,  and  this 
can  be  well  done  only  when  the  members 
are  admitted  free.  Otherwise  wealthy  ap- 
plicants  that  may  be  personally  unfit 
co-operators  would  be  too  liable  to  be  ad- 
mitted by  reason  of  their  financial  sup- 
port; while  many  a  poor  competent  one 
might  thus  be  kept  out  by  poverty. 

The  failure  of  all  former  co-operative 
associations  can,  I  think,  be  traced  to  one 
or  all  of  three  discordant  factors :    To  pov- 


70  MODERN  PARADISE 

erty ;  to  injudicious  admission  of  members ; 
and,  to  discordant  methods  of  living  and 
working.  Only  those  that  feel  sponta- 
neously inclined  to  live  such  a  free,  broad, 
harmonious  and  mutually  helpful  life 
should  be  admitted  as  members.  All 
others  would  not  only  be  burdens  to  the 
association,  but  would  themselves  feel  en- 
tirely out  of  place  among  a  coterie  of 
highly  refined  and  intellectual  men  and 
women. 

The  favorable  applicants  could  prove 
their  fitness  by  a  period  of  probative  life 
as  associate  members,  enjoying,  of  course, 
all  the  privileges  of  fully  admitted  part- 
ners, except  that  they  would  then  not  hold 
an  equal  equity  in  the  property,  and  that 
during  this  probative  period,  they  may  be 
asked  at  any  time  to  sever  their  connection 
with  the  association  or  partnership;  but 
after  the  successful  probative  period  of 
perhaps  six  months  or  a  year,  they  as  men, 
women  and  children  would  become  full 
members  and  receive  an  equal  equity  in 
all  the  association's    property — be    equal 


CHARTER  MEMBERS  71 

partners— sharing  the  aggregate  annual 
products  of  labor  in  proportion  to  the  time 
each  devotes  to  certain  kinds  of  economic 
labor  for  the  association,  or  in  proportion 
to  equitable  piecework. 

It  would  not,  of  course,  be  necessary  for 
applicants  to  have  a  classical  education, 
to  be  able  to  solve  intricate  problems  in 
calculus,  or  to  read  and  translate  Greek 
and  Latin.  Many  a  man  and  woman  that 
is  unable  to  read  and  write  would  make  a 
much  better  co-operator  than  would  many 
a  graduate  of  the  highest  institutions  of 
learning. 

Knowing  how  to  work  and  how  to  live 
an  harmonious  co-operative  life  should 
constitute  perhaps  the  two  most  important 
qualities  making  applicants  eligible  for 
membership.  They  should  feel  pleasure 
in  doing  to  others  as  they  would  like  to 
have  others  do  to  them.  They  should  feel 
and  clearly  see  that  egotistic  element  of 
human  life:  BY  DOING  THE  RIGHT 
THING  TO  OTHERS,  THEY  WOULD 


72  MODERN  PARADISE 

IN  THE  END  BE  DOING  THE  BEST 
THING  FOR  THEMSELVES. 

XXVII. 

ADJOINING  MODERN  PARADISES. 

A  S  MAY  be  seen  by  the  accompanying 
**■  sketch,  there  is  rich  opportunity  for 
an  unlimited  number  of  such  associations 
or  corporations  living  side  by  side,  and  as 
rapidly  as  more  and  more  individuals 
would  become  desirous  of  living  that 
higher  and  more  harmonious  life,  any 
number  of  similar  Modern  Paradises  may 
be  so  harmoniously  adjoined  that  by  the 
birth  of  every  new  one,  all  would  derive 
far-reaching  benefits  by  reason  of  the  fur- 
ther division  of  labor,  extension  of  fine 
boulevards,  and  by  widening  the  fields  of 
trade,  education,  amusements,  and  socia- 
bility. 

The  pioneers  of  Extensive,  Equitable 
Co-operation  should  not,  however,  wait  for 
the  time  to  come  when  all  the  people  of  the 
United  States  are  ripe  for  a  much  higher 


TWELVE  ADJOINING  MODERN 
PARADISES. 


Fig.  10. 

The  splendid  boulevards  and  shadv  walks  would 
everywhere  be  fringed  with  beautiful*  scenery— gar- 
dens greenhouses,  orchards,  groves,  lawns,  parks 
nut-bearing  trees,  fountains,  swimming  pools,  play- 
schools, outdoor  gymnasiums,  all  sorts  of  outdoor 
games,  etc. 


LIVING  AND  WORKING  73 

and  more  humane  mode  of  living  and 
working.  Progress  does  not  work  all  in  a 
"bunch."  Every  idea,  invention,  and 
point  of  progress  is  first  conceived  in  the 
mind  of  one  individual,  and  then,  if  good, 
it  spontaneously  spreads  out;  and  if  bad, 
it  sooner  or  later  dies. 

The  People  of  the  first  republic  did  not 
wait  for  all  the  nations  to  get  ripe  for  re- 
publics. They  set  the  example  and  let 
others  incidentally  reap  the  natural  bene- 
fits from  their  advanced  ideas.  So  we 
should  do  about  the  formation  of  Modern 
Paradises.  If  the  first  one  proves  to  be 
good,  and  there  is  no  doubt  about  it,  others 
still  better  would  follow.  That  is  the  way 
Progress  works. 

XXVIII. 
METHOD  OF  LIVING  AND  WORKING. 

AS  ALREADY  intimated,  all  the  Mod- 
ern Paradisers  would  be  equal  part- 
ners with  no  masters  and  no  servants.  In- 
stead of  working  together  as   employers 


74  MODP]RN  PARADISE 

and  employes,  the  Modern  Paradisers 
would  work  together  as  equal  partners. 
The  land,  buildings,  tools,  machinery, 
power-plant,  furniture  and  apparatus  in 
all  public  departments,  and  all  other  pub- 
lic utilities  would  be  owned  and  operated 
in  common,  and  would  be  inherited  from 
generation  to  generation;  but,  as  we  shall 
presently  see,  every  man,  woman  and  child 
worker  has  full  control  by  means  of  labor- 
checks  of  such  a  part  of  the  aggregate  an- 
nual wTealth  as  each  person  produces. 

The  day  would  perhaps  be  divided  into 
three  hours  of  pleasant,  self-employed, 
economic  labor;  nine  or  ten  hours  of  rest- 
ful sleep,  as  there  would  be  little  if  any- 
thing to  worry  about,  and  the  remaining 
eleven  or  twelve  hours  could  be  devoted  to 
eating,  learning  and  amusements. 

The  reader  will  notice  that  everybody 
able  to  work  is  a  worker,  an  actual  pro- 
ducer as  well  as  a  necessary  consumer, 
and  would  naturally  become  skilled  at  an 
early  age  in  a  number  of  useful  trades, 
professions,  and  occupations,   so  that  he 


LIVING  AND  WORKING  75 

could  shift  from  one  kind  of  labor  to  others 
as  it  might  from  time  to  time  be  needed. 

As  already  explained,  the  farming,  gar- 
dening, freighting,  and  riding  could  be 
conveniently  done  with  electric  automo- 
biles recharged  with  water  power.  Co-op- 
eration would  be  as  thorough  and  as  com- 
plete domestically  as  it  would  be  indus- 
trially. 

Men  and  women  would  work  side  by  side 
in  substantially  all  departments  of  labor 
and  children  would  never  be  asked  to  work, 
but  would  work  at  some  easy  task  at  their 
own  option  whenever  they  wanted  money 
(labor-checks)  for  their  own  personal  use. 

The  opportunity  for  seclusion,  sociabil- 
ity, education,  amusements,  personal  lib- 
erty, and  works  of  art,  science,  and  litera- 
ture would  be  practically  faultless  in  the 
Modern  Paradise  method  of  co-operative 
living  and  working.  Every  man,  and  every 
woman  would  have  all  the  vvTealth  and  all 
the  leisure  they  could  reasonably  wish  for 
pursuing  their  favorite  "hobbies." 


XXIX. 

KINDS  OF  HOUSEKEEPING. 

HpHERE  would  be  two  kinds  of  house- 
•"■  keeping  in  Modern  Paradise — pul)lic 
and  private  housekeeping.  As  before 
stated,  every  man,  woman,  and  child  would 
have  a  fine,  large  private  apartment;  and 
every  able-bodied  man,  woman,  and  child, 
whether  young  or  old,  married  or  single, 
would  do  his  or  her  own  private  house- 
keeping— dusting,  sweeping,  arranging  of 
furniture,  etc.,  for  that  would  be  all  the 
private  housekeeping  that  would  have  to 
be  done  in  Modern  Paradise. 

This  universal  domesticity  would  tend 
to  make  them  all  neat  and  orderly,  both 
in  public  and  in  private  life.  It  would 
teach  all  what  orderly  housekeeping  really 
means. 

There  would  also  be  public  housekeepers 
and  janitors,  who  would  have  charge  of 
the  public  parlors,  drawing  rooms,  library, 
gymnasium,  hall  or  theater,  kindergartens, 


AUTOMOBILES  77 

nurseries,  and  all  other  public  departments 
that  require  such  domestic  supervision. 

In  such  public  places  as  the  kitchen,  din- 
ing room,  and  restaurant,  the  workers 
would  do  their  own  cleaning,  for  this  would 
tend  to  make  them  neater  and  more  orderly 
workers. 

The  public  housekeepers  would  make 
this  public  domestic  work  their  regular 
day's  work  and  draw  pay  for  it  the  same 
as  the  gardener,  carpenter,  or  clerk  in  the 
department  store. 

A  few  of  these  public  departments ;  such 
as,  the  kitchen,  dining  room,  restaurant 
and  nurseries,  would  have  several  daily 
shifts  of  workers.  For  instance,  the  cooks 
and  helpers  in  the  kitchen  would  perhaps 
help  to  prepare  only  one  meal  for  their 
day's  work. 

XXX. 
USES  OF  THE  AUTOMOBILE. 
TN  MODERN  Paradise,  the  farming  and 
A    gardening  could  be  done  on   a  large 
scale  with   electric   traction   automobiles, 
driven  by  women  as  well  as  bv  men.    The 


78  MODERN  PARADISE 

driver  sitting  in  the  comfortable  cab, 
hitches  the  powerful  automobile  to  the 
large  plows,  wagons,  harrows,  seeders, 
headers,  self-binders,  cultivators,  corn  and 
potato  planters,  or  any  other  farming  and 
gardening  implement  which  is  to  be  oper- 
ated. When  the  weather  is  too  cool,  the 
electric  current  can  warm  the  driver's  cab; 
when  too  dark,  can  light  it. 

The  accompanying  illustrations  show 
what  automobile  farming  can  do.  How  a 
plowing  outfit  plows,  sows,  and  harrows  all 
at  the  same  time,  a  strip  36  feet  wide,  and 
averages  from  60  to  80  acres  per  day,  and 
combined  harvesting  and  threshing  outfits 
that  cut,  thresh,  and  sack,  all  at  the  same 
time,  from  100  to  125  acres  of  grain  per 
day. 

This  much  is  at  present  done  on  the 
large  western  ranches  with  steam  outfits, 
when  water  and  fuel  have  to  be  hauled  and 
admitted  into  the  engine;  but  with  electric 
traction  automobiles  and  convenient  hy- 
draulic power  plants  much  more  can  be 
accomplished;  for  there  would  then  be  no 


AUTOMOBILES  79 

fuel  and  water  to  haul  and  admit,  and  tlie 
storage  batteries  of  the  electric  outfits  can 
be  recharged  when  the  drivers  are  eating 
and  sleeping,  so  that  one  of  these  electric 
farming  outfits  can  do  as  much  as  40  or 
50  teams  and  teamsters  can  do.  Is  it,  there- 
fore, any  wonder  that  the  average  work- 
day can  be  reduced  to  less  than  three 
hours  ? 

In  the  large  cities,  the  electric  bus,  the 
freight  truck,  and  delivery  wagon  are 
already  rapidly  superseding  the  horse. 
Many  of  the  present  electric  freight  trucks 
have  a  capacity  of  more  than  ten  tons  and 
are  equipped  with  convenient  electric 
hoists  for  loading  and  unloading  heavy 
articles. 

There  would  also  be  all  kinds  of  passen- 
ger automoblies  in  use ;  electric  runabouts, 
touring  and  sight-seeing  cars ;  fine  electric 
carriages,  etc.  The  electric  automobile 
will,  therefore,  no  doubt,  become  the  great- 
est and  most  useful  mechanical  invention 
ever  made  by  man.  The  electric  automo- 
bile will  do  more  than  anv  other  mechan- 


80  MODERN  PARADISP: 

ism  to  convert  crude,  plodding  toil  into 
comparative  ease  and  refinement. 

XXXI. 

WONDERS  OF  THE  STORAGE  BATTERY. 

npHE  electric  storage  battery  is  one  of 
*  the  most  useful  electric  inventions 
now  in  use.  It  is  a  vessel  or  receptacle  in 
which  a  quantity  of  electricity  can  be 
stored  for  future  use,  and  can  be  carried 
from  place  to  place  like  a  locomotive  car- 
ries its  boiler  and  engine.  When  the  bat- 
tery becomes  empty,  it  can  be  recharged 
by  the  dynamo,  which  is  a  very  simple 
process. 

There  are  many  functions  which  the  elec- 
tric storage  battery  fulfills  admirably;  but 
its  chief  use  at  present  is  the  running  of 
electric  vehicles.  Without  the  storage  bat- 
tery there  could  be  no  electric  automobiles ; 
such  as,  freight  trucks,  delivery  wagons, 
and  other  electric  automobiles  aud  car- 
riages. 

The  electric  storage  battery  is  an  ideal 


STORAGE  BATTERY  81 

accumulation  of  energy.  Compact,  clean, 
and  absolutely  safe,  yielding  to  the  will  of 
the  operator  as  requirements  demand,  and 
its  response  is  immediate.  There  is  no 
water  to  freeze,  no  boiler  to  explode,  no 
vibratory  motion  to  jar,  and  no  offensive 
odor  to  disseminate.  Like  every  other 
mechanism,  the  storage  battery  is,  how- 
ever, by  no  means  perfect. 

It  is  still  too  heavy  for  the  amount  of 
electricity  it  can  hold  and  carry;  but  for 
traction  (pulling)  purposes,  when  used  for 
freighting  and  agriculture,  weight  is  neces- 
sary, so  that  for  these  purposes,  much  of 
the  required  weight  of  the  traction  vehicle 
can  be  in  heavy  batteries  that  supply  a  cor- 
responding quantity  of  electricity  for  trac- 
tive power.  How  large  a  quantity  of  elec- 
tricity, the  relatively  smallest  storage 
battery  will  be  able  to  store  and  carry  suc- 
cessfully in  the  future,  no  one  is  yet  wise 
enough  to  estimate,  but  that  it  will  be  still 
much  improved  is  beyond  doubt. 


XXXII. 

ADJUSTING  WORK  IN  MODERN 
PARADISE. 

"pvURING  the  summer,  a  large  propor- 
*-*  tion  of  the  Modern  Paradisers  would 
work  on  the  farm  and  in  the  garden.  In 
the  winter,  most  of  the  men,  women,  and 
children  would  perform  their  short  day's 
manual  work  in  the  Model  Factory;  but 
the  co-operative  kitchen,  dining  room, 
warehouse,  department  store,  printing 
office,  restaurant,  power  house,  co-opera- 
tive nurseries,  and  many  other  places 
would  all  have  their  special  workers.  Some 
would  be  working  here  today  and  there  to- 
morrow as  occasion  would  require. 

It  would  be  well  to  have  the  work  diver- 
sified to  a  good  extent,  so  that  they  could 
reap  the  benefit  of  the  physical  and  the 
mental,  the  in-door  and  out-door  work. 
The  work  would  naturally  be  so  varied  and 
the  workdays  so  short  that  perhaps  every- 
body could  invariably  be  at  his  or  her  fa- 
vorite manual  labor.    At  least,  it  may  be 


DINING  ROOM  83 

seen  that  under  such  a  system  of  extensive 
co-operative  production,  labor  could  be 
readily  shifted  from  farm  to  factory,  and 
from  factory  to  any  other  place  where 
needed. 

During  the  busy  seasons  on  the  farm 
and  garden,  several  daily  shifts  could  fol- 
low each  other,  so  that  the  work  of  seed- 
ing and  harvesting  would  be  done  in  the 
very  nick  of  time.  Owners,  working  at 
their  favorite  occupation,  are  the  only 
really  good,  easy,  zealous  workers.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  work  of  serfs,  slaves,  and 
wage-earners  is  invariably  toilsome  and 
comparatively  uninteresting  to  the  work- 
ers. 

XXXIII. 

DINING  ROOM  AND  RESTAURANT. 

/"pHE  regular  meals  in  the  dining  room 
■*•  could  be  served  promptly  on  time,  so 
as  to  give  the  cooks  and  waiters  a  fair  op- 
portunity to  finish  their  day's  work  at  the 
regular  time.  Those  belated  for  any  cause 
would  likely  order  their  meals  at  the  res- 


S4  MODERN  PARADISE 

taurant,  or  perhaps  have  them  brought  to 
their  private  apartments,  or  eat  fruit, 
vegetables,  and  nuts  in  the  garden ;  for  the 
tendency  of  such  refined  and  highly  sym- 
pathetic people  would,  no  doubt,  be  more 
and  more  toward  scientific  Vegetarianism. 

There  would  perhaps  be  no  raising  and 
slaughtering  of  live  stock  of  any  kind. 
Besides  the  tame  tree  squirrels,  song- 
birds, and  pet  animals  in  the  zoological 
garden,  the  only  other  domestic  animals  on 
the  premises  would  eventually  perhaps  be 
fowls  for  eggs,  and  bees  for  honey. 

The  price  of  these  specially-prepared 
meals  in  the  restaurant  would,  of  course, 
be  much  higher,  for  they  would  require 
much  more  work  in  preparing  and  serving 
them  separately,  than  it  would  to  cook  and 
serve  500  of  them  together  in  one  conven- 
ient dining  room. 

Extensive  culinary  co-operation  makes 
meals  exceedingly  cheap,  especially  if  all 
the  grains,  fruits,  vegetables,  and  nuts  are 
successfully  Raised  on  a  large  scale  on  the 
home  premises.     The  restaurant  with  its 


THE  EIGHT  GREAT  ELECTRIC 
INVENTIONS. 


Yig.  11. 

The  Eight  Great  Electric  Inventions  that  are 
already  the  servants  of  man  are,  the  dynamo  which 
generates  electricity,  the  electric  automobile,  the 
electric  range,  electric  heater,  electric  telephone, 
electric  motor,  electric  light,  and  the  electric  storage 
battery. 


PARADISE  MONEY  85 

confectionery  department  could  be  open 
for  service  all  day  and  evening. 

XXXIV. 

MODERN  PARADISE  MONEY. 

TN  MODERN  Paradise,  every  man, 
*  woman,  and  child  worker  would  keep  a 
Public  Record  in  the  Commercial  Record- 
Room,  of  the  time  or  the  piecework  each 
devotes  to  economic  labor  for  the  Associa- 
tion; and,  perhaps,  at  the  close  of  each 
month,  or  at  the  end  of  each  quarter,  the 
Treasurer  could  issue  convenient  denomi- 
national labor  -  checks  to  all  the  men, 
women,  and  children  workers  for  the  work 
each  performed  for  the  association  since 
the  last  pay-day. 

Infants  and  disabled  persons  would  also 
liberally  receive  their  needed  portion  of 
labor-checks  from  the  Association  at  large. 
These  labor-checks  constitute  the  money 
of  Modern  Paradise.  Children  workers 
under  a  certain  age  would  perhaps  receive 
their  pay  daily,  or  immediately  after  they 


86  MODERN  PARADISE 

have  completed  their  particular  task  of 
work.  To  the  young,  immediate  pay  is  a 
much  stronger  stimulus  to  work. 

These  labor-checks  could  be  in  conven- 
ient denominations  of  time — weeks,  days, 
hours,  minutes,  and  perhaps  seconds — in- 
stead of  being  in  dollars  and  cents ;  so  that 
these  labor-checks  form  a  very  cheap  and 
convenient  medium  of  exchange,  both  in 
the  colony  and  outside  of  it. 

With  these  labor-checks,  or  time-money, 
individuals  would  pay  their  board,  buy 
their  clothes  and  personal  luxuries;  such 
as  tickets  for  certain  concerts,  theater,  lec- 
tures, shaves,  restaurant  meals,  and  for 
everything  else  for  which  each  may  wish 
to  use  money  for  personal  uses ;  but  as  al- 
ready intimated,  everything  would  sell  at 
cost  and  for  cash. 

The  systems  of  profit  and  credit  would 
be  practically  unknown  in  Modern  Para- 
dise, the  same  as  they  are  unknown  with 
us  in  the  U.  S.  Postoffice  Department. 

The  use  of  the  money  is  easy.  For  in- 
stance, when  customers  at  the  Department 


PARADISE  MONEY  87 

Store  receive  the  goods  for  the  labor- 
checks,  the  clerks  immediately  cancel  them, 
the  same  as  postage  stamps  are  cancelled, 
and  at  every  pay-day  new  money  (labor- 
checks)  is  issued  to  the  amount  of  econ- 
omic labor  the  members  have  performed 
for  the  association  since  the  preceding  pay- 
day. 

The  canceling  of  labor-checks  is  done 
with  the  consumer's  cash  register,  which 
registers  the  daily  sales,  and  automatically 
foots  the  total  every  evening.  There  is 
also  a  producer's  register  in  which  each 
worker  registers  the  amount  of  his  or  her 
daily  work.  This  method  of  checking  and 
canceling  forms  a  complete  automatic  sys- 
tem of  bookkeeping,  which  shows  at  a 
glance  at  any  time  the  total  wealth  of  the 
Association  on  hand,  the  total  produced  at 
any  given  day,  and  the  total  wealth  taken 
out  at  any  one  day.  It  also  shows  whether 
the  total  as  well  as  the  daily  wealth  of  the 
Association  is  increasing,  or  diminishing, 
and  how  much  money  (labor-checks)  the 
treasurer  must  print  for  the  use  of  the 


88  MODERN  PARADISE 

next  pay  day.  It  also  shows  many  other 
important  data. 

In  this  way  is  the  volume  of  money  in 
circulation  and  in  saving  always  approxi- 
mately equal  to  the  quantity  of  wealth  ac- 
cumulated in  the  Universal  Warehouse  and 
Department  Store,  and  the  never-failing 
redemption  in  choice,  cheap  commodities 
makes  the  Modern  Paradise  money  as 
eagerly  sought  outside  as  it  is  inside  the 
colony. 

When  Modern  Paradise  has  surplus 
commodities  of  any  kind;  such  as  wheat 
or  manufactured  goods,  it  sells  them  to 
the  outside  world  and  receives  for  them 
United  States  money,  and  the  person  or 
persons  that  have  charge  of  the  Associa- 
tion's outside  commerce,  buy  such  other 
commodities  with  this  United  States 
money  as  the  association  can  use  best. 
The  public  records  in  the  Commercial 
Record  Room,  kept  of  this  outside  com- 
merce, enables  every  member  to  see  just 
what  is  being  done  by  this  department. 

Thus,  the  Modern  Paradise  money  (la- 


POWERFUL  TANGENTIAL  WATER- 
WHEEL. 


Fig.  12. 

Eight  thousand  horse  -  power  Waterwheel  with 
cover  removed.  It  drives  an  eight  thousand  horse- 
power dynamo,  and  when  once  thoroughly  installed, 
it  generates  abundant  Electricity  for  almost  nothing. 
It  never  sleeps  nor  does  it  ever  get  tired. 


PUBLIC  NURSERIES  89 

bor-checks)  fulfils  the  highest  efficiency  as 
a  medium  of  exchange.  It  is  cheap,  safe, 
convenient  and  completely  equitable.  It 
always  passes  into  the  hands  of  those  in- 
dividual men,  women,  and  children  that 
produce  the  wealth  which  the  money  rep- 
resents, and  thus  eliminates  every  sort  of 
exploiting  commercialism,  for  it  can  be 
gotten  for  useful  labor  only. 

XXXV. 
THE  PUBLIC  NURSERIES. 

TN  MODERN  Paradise  there  would  be  a 
■■•  number  of  public  in-door  and  out-door 
nurseries.  To  these  convenient  and  well- 
kept  nurseries,  in  charge  of  experienced 
nurses,  young  children  can  be  taken  and 
cared  for,  while  their  parents  are  at  work 
in  some  public  department,  or  are  out  for 
recreation  and  amusement.  These  public 
nurseries  thus  serve  the  double  purpose 
of  providing  the  very  best  places  for 
babies  and  young  children,  and  at  the 
same  time  afford  mothers  complete  free- 
dom for  work  and  amusement. 


90  MODERN  PARADISE 

This  mutual  helpfulness  of  the  public 
nursery  would  relieve  mothers,  raising  a 
family,  of  much  of  their  present  domestic 
care  and  ceaseless  worry,  which  is  bound 
to  fall  to  the  lot  of  mothers  as  long  as  the 
isolated  cottage  mode  of  living  and  work- 
ing is  continued.  They  could  then  work  in 
the  public  kitchen,  dining  room,  factory, 
garden,  or  any  other  place  of  their  own 
choice  without  having  a  baby  tagging  to 
their  garments,  and  the  same  is  true  with 
respect  to  amusements. 

They  could  then  attend  concerts,  dances, 
lectures,  library,  gymnasium,  public  par- 
lors, bicycle  and  automobile  rides,  or  any 
other  game,  recreation,  or  amusements  in 
which  they  might  be  interested.  Thus  it 
seems  to  be  plain  that  extensive  equitable 
co-operation,  coupled  with  the  public  nur- 
sery, is  the  only  conceivable  mode  of  living 
and  working  that  can  largely  abolish 
woman's  incessant  toil,  and  make  her  econ- 
omically and  maternally  free  and  inde- 
pendent, the  only  mode  of  living  and  work- 


WOMAN'S  STATUS  91 

ing  by  which  she  can  ever  hope  to  become 
the  real  and  true  owner  of  herself. 

XXXVI. 
WOMAN'S  STATUS  IN  MODERN  PARADISE. 
•p  XTENSIVE  domestic  co-operation 
■■— '  would  naturally  specialize  all  the  re- 
maining domestic  industries;  so  that  all 
the  cooking,  baking,  dining,  washing,  iron- 
ing, sewing,  darning,  etc.,  would  also  be 
removed  from  the  home  proper,  the  same 
as  the  spinning,  weaving,  shoemaking,  and 
other  industries,  which  were  formerly  per- 
formed at  the  domestic  fireside,  have  al- 
ready been  consigned  to  special  factories 
and  work  -  departments,  where  men  and 
women  now  work  side  by  side,  and  make 
that  their  special  day's  work,  and  where 
each  worker  draws  his  or  her  own  pay. 

This  specialization  of  domestic  indus- 
tries would  leave  women  domestically  free 
and  independent,  and  the  drawing  of  her 
own  personal  pay,  whether  for  work  of  an 
industrial,  domestic,  or  material  nature, 
would  make  her  economicallv    and   finan- 


92  MODERN  PARADISE 

cially  free  and  equal  with  man;  so  that 
woman,  whether  married  or  .single,  would 
be  eligible  for  any  position,  trade,  profes- 
sion, and  occupation,  which  she  might  de- 
sire to  enter,  and  would  always  receive  the 
same  amount  of  pay  as  men  would  for 
similar  work. 

Women  in  Modern  Paradise  would  also 
enjoy  every  privilege  and  advantage  that 
men  enjoy  there.  They  would  be  equals 
with  men  in  sharing  privileges,  and  in  tak- 
ing responsibilities.  Men  and  women 
would  work  side  by  side  in  nearly  all 
spheres  of  labor.  There  would,  no  doubt, 
be  men  cooks  in  the  public  electric  kitchen, 
and  women  automobile  drivers  on  the  farm 
and  in  the  garden. 

XXXVII. 

EDUCATIONAL  FACILITIES. 

'T^HE  essential  features  of  all  important 
■■■    Education  and  culture  are:     To  de- 
velop a  strong,  healthy,  beautiful  body;  a 
sound  Mind;  a  skillful  hand;  and  a  noble 


PARADISE  EDUCATION  93 

Character.  It,  no  doubt,  seems  plain  that 
the  facilities  for  doing  this  would  be  ex- 
ceedingly favorable  in  a  co-operative  asso- 
ciation like  that  of  Modern  Paradise. 

For  Physical  Culture,  there  would  be 
the  in-door  and  out-door  nurseries;  the 
free,  healthful  Kindergartens  and  Play- 
Schools,  the  parks  and  play-grounds  for 
athletics,  and  the  splendid  out-door  and 
in-door  gymnasiums  for  calisthenics  and 
gymnastics,  and  all  these  supplemented 
with  a  healthful  amount  of  free  manual 
labor  would  unquestionably  develop  a  de- 
gree of  physical  grace,  beauty,  health,  and 
strength  unknown  anywhere  else. 

The  Intellectual  Phase  of  education 
would  begin  at  a  very  young  age  in  the 
Nurseries,  and  Kindergartens.  There 
would  be  interesting  play-schools  and  play- 
houses in  the  shady  parks  as  well  as  in 
the  Co-operative  Mansion.  All  of  them 
would  be  abundantly  supplied  with  attrac- 
tive objects  and  educational  toys.  Inter- 
est, kindness,  and  freedom  would  always 


94  MODERN  PARADISE 

be  the  basic  principles  of  Modern  Para- 
dise Education. 

Later  the  child  would  have  the  use  of  a 
splendid  library  and  reading  rooms,  con- 
taining the  leading  newspapers,  maga- 
zines, and  books  of  the  world,  the  commer- 
cial department  where  typewriting,  short- 
hand, and  composition  work  could  be 
learned  by  practical  application.  Then 
there  would  be  the  well-equipped  labora- 
tory, the  musical  and  botanical  conserva- 
tories, the  art  gallery,  the  telescope  and 
other  astronomical  and  physical  appara- 
tus, and  the  home-talent  stage. 

In  the  fine  hall  or  theater  would  be  given 
concerts,  plays,  lectures,  experiments,  and 
contests  by  the  leading  artists,  scientists, 
and  philosophers  of  the  world,  so  that  the 
opportunity,  scope,  variety  and  interest 
for  intellectual  attainments  even  of  the 
humblest  individual  would  be  practically 
unlimited. 

The  various  play-houses  and  play- 
schools, scattered  in  the  parks  along  the 
boulevards,  are  comfortable  and  well  ven- 


PARADISE  EDUCATION  95 

tilated  the  year  round.  In  the  winter  they 
are  heated  with  electricity ;  in  the  summer, 
artificially  cooled.  These  neat  little  play- 
schools are  all  well  supplied  with  black- 
board and  other  useful  apparatus,  where 
the  children  and  teachers  are  completely 
free  and  informal. 

For  instance,  here  is  a  play-school  that 
has  a  supply  of  fine  drawing  tools ;  another 
has  maps,  charts  and  globes;  this  one  is 
well  supplied  with  music  and  musical  in- 
struments, and  so  with  all  the  others. 
Everybody  that  has  some  good  ideas  and 
new  points  can  go  there  and  teach  them  to 
others.  Both  the  teachers  and  the  pupils 
are  perfectly  free  to  come  and  go  when- 
ever they  wish.  It  is  Froebelism  and 
Montessorianism  carried  to  their  logical 
conclusion. 

The  Industrial  career  of  children  in 
Modern  Paradise  begins  at  a  very  young 
age;  but  they  are  always  led  and  never 
driven  to  their  manual  work.  They  have 
a  splendid  supply  of  fine  tools  and  juvenile 
machinery  to  work  with;  their  place  of 


96  MODERN  PARADISE 

work  is  right  at  their  home;  kind,  compe- 
tent co-laborers  advise  and  assist  them 
whenever  they  desire  it;  and  they  receive 
personally  the  full  product  of  their  labor 
from  the  first  beginning  of  their  manual 
career.  This  makes  the  labor  easy  and 
pleasant,  the  treatment  kind,  the  work-day 
very  short,  and  the  compensation  abund- 
antly liberal. 

When  a  young  child  old  enough  to  work 
at  some  easy  work  wants  a  toy,  a  ring,  or 
any  other  article  of  wealth,  the  article  is 
not  given  to  the  child  on  demand;  but  the 
child  receives  information  as  to  how  it  can 
proceed  to  secure  the  desired  article  by 
perhaps  weeding  so  many  rows  of  carrots, 
picking  so  many  boxes  of  berries,  gather- 
ing so  many  baskets  of  apples;  or  by  zeal- 
ously working  so  many  hours  at  some  easy 
work,  which  entitles  it  to  so  much  money 
(labor-checks),  and  with  this  money,  the 
child  can  buy  in  the  department  store  the 
desired  toy  or  other  article. 

These  desirable  results  of  industry  ori- 
ginate  and   gently   evolve   the   industrial 


ELECTRIC   CARRIAGE. 


Fig.  13. 


A  handsome  Electric  Carriage  that  may  be  heated, 
lighted,  and  propelled  by  electricity.  Capacity  eight 
persons.  With  the  firmly  paved  highways  of  the  fu- 
ture, the  capacity  of  many  of  the  passenger  automo- 
biles will,  no  doubt,  be  vastly  increased,  perhaps  to 
30  or  more  passengers. 


PARADISE  EDUCATION  97 

sentiments  of  children  in  a  natural  way 
and  at  a  young  age.  In  this  free,  pleasant 
way,  the  child  does  not  only  learn  how  to 
work  skillfully  and  economically;  but  it 
also  learns  at  the  same  time  and  in  a  prac- 
tical way  how  to  handle  and  use  its  own 
money ;  how  to  buy  to  good  advantage,  and 
that  the  more  and  the  better  it  works  the 
more  it  realizes  as  the  result  of  its  wisely 
directed  industry. 

All  these  facts  are  important  factors  of 
life  and  should  be  learned  by  every  child 
in  a  pleasant  way  at  an  early  age.  In 
Modern  Paradise,  labor  would  always  be 
held  in  high  esteem.  Other  things  equal, 
the  best  laborer  would  have  the  highest 
standing  in  the  community,  and  children 
growing  up  would  be  stimulated  by  this 
commendable  approval  of  useful  labor. 

These  favorable  incentives  for  pleasant, 
self-employed  labor  stimulate  all  of  them 
to  work  whenever  they  want  money  for 
their  personal  use.  There  would  then  be 
no  more  estrangements  from  driving  chil- 
dren to  work;  no  more  begging  for  a  few 


98  MODERN  PARADISE 

nickels  and  dimes;  and  no  need  for  child- 
labor  laws,  because  the  Modern  Paradisers 
have  improved  the  factory  and  work-shop, 
abolished  the  heartless  master,  leave  the 
child  free  to  go  and  come  as  it  pleases, 
and  let  it  have  the  whole  of  what  its  labor 
produces. 

With  these  industrial  advantages,  would 
the  child,  no  doubt,  be  able  and  desirous  of 
supporting  itself  at  a  very  young  age,  per- 
haps as  young  as  eight  or  ten  years,  and  I 
feel  confident  that  with  such  free  and  fair 
industrial  opportunities  to  children,  they 
would  astonish  the  world  with  their  youth- 
ful initiative,  skill,  and  industry. 

Character  is  developed  principally  by 
the  home  influences.  If  the  home  influence 
is  good,  the  character  of  children  can  then 
not  be  bad;  on  the  other  hand,  if  that  is 
bad,  the  child's  behavior  and  character 
cannot  be  good.  A  kind,  sympathetic,  in- 
dustrious, noble  character  cannot  be  pro- 
duced in  a  vicious  home. 

It  may  be  seen  that  the  home  influences 
at  Modern  Paradise  would  be  almost  fault- 


PARADISE  EDUCATION  99 

less.  Children  as  well  as  adults  would 
everywhere  come  in  contact  with  kindness, 
sympathy,  intelligence,  and  industry, 
which,  under  these  humane  conditions, 
they  would  naturally  assimilate  by  uncon- 
scious imitation. 

There  would  be  few,  if  any  professional 
instructors,  but  everybody  would  be  an  in- 
cidental teacher  with  all  the  leisure  any- 
one would  want  for  that  purpose,  and  the 
whole  premises  would  be  the  school-house 
in  which  young  and  old  would  daily  take 
their  lessons  on  all  the  important  affairs 
of  living  and  working. 

We  believe  that  we  are,  therefore,  justi- 
fied in  saying,  that  in  no  other  place  of  the 
world  would  the  facilities  and  stimuli  for 
an  all-around  education  be  so  superbly  ex- 
cellent and  so  pleasantly  acquired  as  at 
such  a  proposed  Modern  Paradise. 

Hence,  to  learn  is  to  discover  LAW 
(facts,  phenomena),  to  be  wise  is  to  know 
LAW,  and  to  be  good  is  to  live  in  har- 
mony with  LAW.  The  Modern  Paradise 
system  of  Education  primarily  aims  at 


100  MODERN  PARADISE 

originating  and  developing  desirable 
SENTIMENTS,  and  then  leave  the  child 
as  well  as  the  adult  free  to  follow  these 
sentiments  spontaneously. 

This  naturally  produces  a  strong, 
healthy,  cheerful,  physical  organism;  a 
profound,  fearless  Mind;  an  industrious, 
skillful  hand;  and  a  noble  personality. 
Thus  we  may  see  that  interest,  kindness, 
and  freedom  are  everywhere  the  basic 
principles  of  Modern  Paradise  Education. 

XXXVIII. 

MODERN  PARADISE  AMUSEMENTS. 

TT  IS  evident  that  the  abundant  leisure, 
*  numerous  conveniences,  high  degree  of 
personal  liberty,  general  prosperity,  and 
wide,  congenial  sociability  afford  the  finest 
opportunities  to  old  and  young  for  inter- 
esting as  well  as  useful  sports,  amuse- 
ments, and  recreation. 

Out-door  sports  and  amusements  would, 
no  doubt,  include  automobile  and  bicycle 
riding,    skating,    swimming,    field    games, 


HARVESTING  AND  THRESHING  ON  A 
LARGE  SCALE. 


Fig:.  14. 


This  harvesting  and  threshing  outfit  cuts,  threshes 
and  sacks,  all  at  the  same  time  as  it  moves  along 
over  the  field,  from  a  hundred  to  a  hundred  and 
twenty-five  acres  of  grain  per  day. 


PARADISE  AMUSEMENTS  101 

and  numerous  athletic  and  gymnastic  ex- 
ercises, as  well  as  all  kinds  of  interesting 
play-lessons,  and  games  in  the  shady 
parks,  green  lawns,  and  in  the  attractive 
play-schools ;  for  right  learning  when  done 
in  the  right  way  is  nothing  more  than  de- 
lightful amusement,  the  same  as  reading 
an  interesting  book  or  a  daily  paper. 

There  would  be  no  end  to  the  variety  of 
in-door  sports,  games,  play  -  lessons,  and 
other  interesting  and  useful  amusements. 
In  the  Grand  Hall,  Theater,  or  Ball  Boom, 
would,  no  doubt,  frequently  be  concerts, 
dancing,  calisthenics,  debates,  lectures, 
conversational  discussions,  reading  circles, 
home-talent  and  other  plays,  scientific  and 
educational  experiments,  exhibitions  of 
new  inventions  and  discoveries,  astronom- 
ical observations  and  computations ;  botan- 
ical, geologic,  and  biological  experiments, 
as  well  as  countless  other  diversions  that 
yield  pleasure  and  amusement  as  well  as 
useful  information  to  a  cultured  mind. 

The  library,  gymnasium,  museum,  read- 
ing rooms,  and  the  elegant  public  draw- 


102  MODERN  PARADISE 

ing  rooms  would  also  have  their  admirers 
and  visitors.  Some  would,  no  doubt,  spend 
much  of  their  leisure  time  in  the  splendid 
inventor's  shop.  Some  would  be  visiting, 
others  entertaining,  and  still  others  would 
be  out  touring  and  sight-seeing. 

There  could  also  be  frequent  prize  con- 
tests, perhaps  quarterly,  which  could  be 
made  interesting  and  amusing  Olympic 
Holidays.  Prizes  could  be  awarded  for 
such  accomplishments  as  being  the  best 
inventor,  the  most  useful  discoverer,  the 
neatest  private  housekeeper,  the  neatest 
and  most  comfortable  male  or  female 
dresser;  to  the  daintiest  cook,  the  best  din- 
ing room  manager,  the  daintiest  and  swift- 
est restaurant  worker,  the  most  industri- 
ous child  and  adult,  the  leading  musician, 
artist,  athlete,  gymnast,  and  any  other 
worthy  accomplishment. 

Thus  there  would  be  refined  sports  and 
amusements  for  all  ages  and  for  all  sea- 
sons of  the  year,  and  under  such  favorable 
conditions  of  universal  intelligence,  refine- 
ment,   and    prosperity,    everybody    would 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  LABOR  101? 

unquestionably  seek  to  make  the  best  use 
of  them  in  the  attainment  of  joy,  health, 
and  development. 

Perhaps  a  large  number  of  the  Modern 
Paradisers  would  find  especial  enjoyment 
in  devoting  much  of  their  leisure  time  in 
literary  work,  writing  books  and  contrib- 
uting to  the  home  and  other  periodicals. 
Some  would  also,  no  doubt,  become  master 
painters,  sculptors  and  musicians. 

The  masterpieces  in  all  the  fields  of 
Fine  Art  could  also  be  awarded  the  quar- 
terly Olympic  Prizes.  Thus  it  seems  rea- 
sonable that  no  one  would  ever  need  to  feel 
lonesome  or  have  "the  blues"  in  Modern 
Paradise. 

XXXIX. 
METHOD  OF  DISTRIBUTING  LABOR. 

IN  MODERN  Paradise,  like  all  other 
places  where  labor  is  performed  on  a 
large  scale,  and  under  the  completest  Di- 
vision of  Labor,  there  are  some  positions, 
professions  and  occupations  that  are  more 


104  .MODERN  PARADISE 

congenial,   and   others   more   uncongenial 
than  the  average. 

Hence,  in  order  to  draw  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  laborers  into  the  more  uncongenial 
positions,  the  pay  for  that  class  of  labor 
would,  therefore,  be  increased,  or  the  work- 
day shortened,  until  the  supply  of  labor 
would  equal  the  demand ;  and  the  opposite 
would  be  done  with  the  more  congenial  po- 
sitions. 

It  would  not  be  well  for  anyone  in  Mod- 
ern Paradise  to  drift  into  the  notion  that 
he  or  she  personally,  and  to  the  exclusion 
of  all  others,  owns  a  certain  position ;  such 
as,  running  a  certain  machine  in  the  fac- 
tory, or  doing  a  certain  kind  of  work, 
either  as  piecework  or  by  the  day. 

Everybody  should  always  be  willing  and 
liberal  enough  to  give  anyone  else  a  chance 
to  show  what  he  or  she  can  do  with  that 
machine  or  in  that  position.  By  the  har- 
monious operation  of  this  efficient  method, 
everybody  would  naturally  glide  into  that 
position   where   each   is   best   fitted,   and 


MAGNIFICENT   PUBLIC   DINING   ROOM. 


Vig.  15. 


The  500  equal  partners  co-operating  domestically, 
could  well  afford  to  furnish  and  maintain  such  an 
elegant  Dining  Room. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  LABOR  105 

where  each  can  work   with    the    greatest 
ease  and  best  results  to  all. 

Under  the  present  wage-system,  the  mas- 
ter can  send  his  servants  or  his  employes 
where  he  thinks  best;  but  as  equal  part 
ners,  every  man,  woman,  and  child  worker 
does  his  or  her  own  choosing  of  positions 
and  receives  remuneration  accordingly. 
In  Modern  Paradise,  the  partners  working 
in  a  muddy  ditch  would,  no  doubt,  receive 
higher  pay  or  work  a  shorter  day,  than 
would  the  man,  or  the  woman  clerking  in 
a  clean  Department  Store,  or  working  in 
the  Model  Factory,  and  so  in  all  other 
cases. 

An  easy,  pleasant  position  would  pay 
less  than  a  hard,  unpleasant  one;  other- 
wise the  workers  would  likely  all  want  the 
easiest,  cleanest,  and  most  desirable  posi- 
tions. Supply  and  demand  would  thus  be 
regulated  by  the  amount  of  compensation 
and  by  the  honor  it  confers  on  those  who 
are  willing  to  share  in  doing  the  hard,  un- 
clean work  of  the  Association. 

As   equal   partners,   everybody  can,   of 


106  MODERN  PARADISE 

course,  work  as  much  or  as  little  as  he 
likes,  both  for  himself  and  for  the  associa- 
tion. In  both  cases,  the  worker  receives 
all  that  he  or  she  produces.  If  he  works 
for  the  co-partnership,  he  receives  labor- 
checks  for  his  time  or  for  the  piecework 
he  produces ;  and  that  wealth  goes  into  the 
Universal  Warehouse,  but  the  worker  can 
draw  it  out  at  any  time  he  presents  the 
labor-checks,  or  in  other  words,  buys  the 
goods  with  the  labor-checks. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  he  works  for  him- 
self, perhaps  at  literary  work,  in  the  in- 
ventor's shop,  or  makes  some  artistic  fur- 
niture for  his  private  room,  or  fancy  work 
for  private  use,  every  man,  woman,  and 
child  worker  would  keep  and  have  full  con- 
trol of  all  the  articles  he  or  she  thus  pro- 
duces; but  would  receive  no  labor-checks 
for  that  private  work,  and  every  individ- 
ual would  furnish  his  or  her  own  material 
necessary  for  the  production  of  these  pri- 
vate articles. 

There  would  thus    be   no   limit   to    the 
scope  and  variety  of  the  work  in  which 


VARIETIES  OF  WEALTH  107 

every  man,  woman,  and  child  may  engage 
at  any  time,  either  as  mere  pastime,  or  for 
the  value  of  the  wealth  produced  by  the 
work. 

XL. 

VARIETIES  OF  WEALTH. 

OUBSTANTIALLY  all  real  WEALTH 
^  is  in  the  form  of  food,  clothing,  shel- 
ter, and  luxuries.  Money,  bonds,  and  other 
commercial  papers  are  not  wealth,  but 
merely  REPRESENTATIVES  of  wealth. 
Many  people  seem  to  think  that  they  are 
striving  for  money  as  such;  but  the  real 
fact  is  that  they  are  always  primarily  in 
pursuit  of  the  comforts  and  conveniences, 
which  the  food,  clothing,  shelter  and  lux- 
uries yield  them,  and  which  the  money 
merely  represents.  No  sane  person  would 
want  to  be  bothered  with  money  where  it 
cannot  be  exchanged  for  food,  clothing, 
shelter,  and  luxuries.  In  a  desert  where 
there  is  nothing  but  sand,  money  is  no 
good.  It  would  be  only  an  additional  bur- 
den to  the  possessor. 


108  MODERN  PARADISE 

A  very  large  share  of  our  mental  mud- 
dle in  current  Economics  is  due  to  an  im- 
perfect understanding  of  the  true  use  and 
function  of  money;  that  is,  of  the  relation 
existing  between  a  medium  of  exchange 
and  the  real  wealth  which  it  represents. 
The  money  question  is,  however,  not  very 
difficult  to  understand,  if  we  go  down  to 
its  basic  principle. 

XLI. 

CLASSES  OF  LABOR. 

TJ*ROM  AN  Economic  standpoint,  there 
■"■  are  three  kinds  or  classes  of  labor — 
Productive,  Unproductive  and  Destructive. 
Plowing,  sowing,  reaping,  manufacturing, 
inventing,  cooking,  housekeeping,  are  ex- 
amples of  productive  labor,  because,  if  well 
done,  they  produce  real  wealth  —  food, 
clothing,  shelter,  and  luxuries. 

Gambling  and  speculating  are  examples 
of  unproductive  labor,  because  they  pro- 
duce no  wealth — no  food,  clothing,  shelter, 
and  luxuries.    As  much  as  the  successful 


CLASSES  OF  LABOR  109 

ones  win,  others  must  lose.  Gamblers, 
speculators,  and  superfluous  commercial- 
ists  may  even  toil  harder  than  the  man 
in  the  muddy  ditch;  but  their  labor,  how- 
ever toilsome,  unjust,  and  strenuous,  pro- 
duces no  wealth,  and  is,  therefore,  unpro- 
ductive. 

The  "bad"  boy  destroying  furniture, 
armies  burning  cities  and  destroying  rail- 
roads and  other  property,  are  examples  of 
destructive  labor,  and  the  harder  and  more 
successfully  they  work,  the  poorer  will  the 
world  be  after  the  completion  of  the  day's 
work. 

Thus  it  may  be  seen  that  a  person  may 
be  a  hard  worker,  and  still  produce  no 
wealth.  He  may  be  simply  toiling  hard  at 
scheming  others  out  of  the  wealth  they 
have  produced.  All  thoughtful  observers 
know  that  millions  are  still  working  at  un- 
productive and  destructive  labor,  and  that 
is  one  of  the  prime  reasons  why  the  world 
as  a  whole  is  still  so  poor. 

In  Modern  Paradise,  substantially  all 
labor  would  be  productive  and  of  the  high- 


110  MODERN  PARADISE 

est  degree  of  efficiency ;  for  all  the  workers 
would  be  skillful  owners,  thoroughly  co- 
operating domestically  and  industrially, 
and  have  a  full  supply  of  the  largest  and 
best  tools  and  machinery  to  work  with. 
Land,  labor,  capital,  and  method  must  be 
harmoniously  combined  in  the  efficient  pro- 
duction of  wealth,  but  we  should  not  over- 
look the  fact  that  labor  has  produced 
CAPITAL  as  well  as  all  the  other  forms 
of  wealth. 

XLII. 

MANAGEMENT  OF  MODERN  PARADISE. 

TT  IS  evident  that  there  would  be  quite 
■*■  a  number  of  specific  branches  or  depart- 
ments of  labor  in  a  co-operative  associa- 
tion or  community  like  the  one  proposed 
here.  There  would  be  farmers,  manufac- 
turers, cooks,  athletes,  public  housekeep- 
ers, barbers,  tailors,  milliners,  painters, 
printers,  artists,  gardeners,  repairers, 
electricians,  and  others.  The  laborers  of 
each  division,  trade,  profession,  and  occu- 
pation would,  no  doubt,  select  their  own 


PARADISE  MANAGEMENT  111 

managers,  and  all  the  members  together 
would  select  the  general  manager. 

These  managers  would  receive  the  same 
amount  of  pay,  wear  the  same  grade  of 
clothes,  and  when  not  busy  at  their  partic- 
ular official  work,  which  in  most  cases 
would  be  very  limited,  they  would  work 
the  same  as  their  other  workers.  Unlike 
the  present  bosses  appointed  by  their  mas- 
ters, it  is  plain  that  the  leading  workmen 
and  workwomen  of  Modern  Paradise  have 
no  authority  to  drive  and  command  their 
equal  partners.  They  can  only  request 
and  advise  their  co-laborers,  who  have 
grown  up  in  their  work,  and  who  are  sub- 
stantially as  skillful  as  their  leaders  them- 
selves, and  some  of  them  perhaps  more  so. 

Work  can  never  be  harmonious  and  of 
the  highest  efficiency  as  long  as  one  is 
clothed  with  authority  to  drive  others.  In 
nine  cases  out  of  ten,  the  driver  consciously 
or  unconsciously  puts  the  bulk  of  the  hard- 
est and  most  objectionable  work  off  onto 
his  helpless  subordinates. 

The  boss,  who  should  naturally  be  the 


112  MODERN  PARADISE 

cleverest  worker  and  the  most  agreeable 
person,  performs  little  or  no  part  of  the 
work  in  hand,  and  the  unqualified  author- 
ity as  "boss"  or  master,  which  he  holds 
over  his  subordinates  usually  makes  him 
so  obnoxious  to  the  real  workers  that  few 
if  any  of  them  would  acknowledge  him  or 
her  as  leader;  if  the  workers  as  equal 
partners  could  themselves  select  their  own 
leader  or  manager  on  the  basis  of  com- 
petence and  fair,  courteous  treatment. 

As  equals,  workers  naturally  consult 
each  other,  which  tends  toward  harmony 
and  efficiency.  As  superiors  and  subordin- 
ates under  form  of  employer  and  employes 
the  tendency  is  toward  abuse,  discord,  and 
waste  of  time  and  material. 

But  under  the  wage-system  where  co- 
operation takes  the  form  of  master  and 
servants,  there  must  be  "bosses  and  driv- 
ers," because  there  the  servants  or  em- 
ployes have  no  direct  interest  in  the  prod- 
ucts of  labor,  which  is  the  only  thing  that 
can  serve  as  a  sufficient  stimulus  for  effi- 
cient labor.    Hence,  as  equal  owning  part- 


PARK  PLAY-SCHOOL. 


Fis.  KJ. 


In  such  a  park  Play-school,  free  children  like  to 
learn.  Novel  objects,  such  as  pictures,  charts,  maps, 
blackboards,  geometrical  forms,  flowers,  etc.,  are 
always  interesting  and  attractive  to  old  and  young, 
but  especially  to  the  young. 


PARADISE  MANAGEMENT  113 

ners,  the  Modern  Paradisers  need  no  driv- 
ers and  no  bosses. 

There  could  be  regular  and  special  busi- 
ness meetings,  perhaps  weekly  or  monthly, 
at  which  all  business  and  other  matters  of 
a  public  nature  can  be  considered  and  dis- 
cussed, so  that  all  could  be  well  informed 
on  industrial  and  commercial  questions. 
Anyone  who  has  a  good  idea  writes  it  and 
puts  it  in  the  suggestion  box,  or  explains 
it  at  the  business  meeting. 

Children  would  be  governed  by  interest 
and  kindness,  and  their  industry  would  be 
daily  stimulated  by  the  pleasant  rewards, 
which  wise  industry  yields;  by  making 
labor  as  pleasant  and  as  profitable  as  pos- 
sible ;  by  leaving  to  each  laborer  the  widest 
possible  scope  of  personal  liberty  in  doing 
and  managing  the  work  according  to  the 
taste  of  the  worker;  he  to  have  the  full 
reward  of  his  industry  and  bear  the  re- 
sponsibility of  his  method  of  working. 

The  Government  of  Modern  Paradise 
would,  therefore,  be  much  like  that  of  a 
highly    cultured    family,    each    of    whose 


114  MODERN  PARADISE 

members  would  know  how  to  behave,  how 
to  work,  where  to  work,  and  how  to  live 
and  work  to  the  best  advantage.  Thus  the 
basic  principle  would  everywhere  be,  con- 
sistent personal  liberty  coupled  with  self- 
ownership  and  universal  helpfulness. 

XLIII. 

SOME  ADVANTAGES  OF  EQUITABLE 
CO-OPERATION. 

¥  ET  US  here  note  that  all  Modern  Para- 
*"■*  disers  would  be  land  owners,  home 
owners,  and  tool  and  machinery  owners. 
There  would  be  no  tenants  and  no  wage- 
earners.  They  would  all  be  prosperous, 
self-employed  producers,  working  at  man- 
ual labor  only  a  few  hours  a  day,  and  no 
one  would  ever  be  out  of  a  good  job.  There 
would  be  no  masters  and  servants  to  an- 
tagonize and  deceive  one  another. 

They  could  all  afford  to  wear  fine 
clothes,  eat  delicious  food,  be  the  owners 
of  numerous  luxuries,  acquire  a  splendid 
education,  have  abundant   leisure    and 


CO-OPERATION  115 

amusements,  enjoy  the  society  of  many 
congenial  associates,  live  in  an  elegant 
mansion  surrounded  by  life-giving  vegeta- 
tion, and  have  two  fine  boulevards  cross 
right  at  their  door.  They  would  all  live 
close  to  their  respective  places  of  work, 
education,  and  amusements  —  the  farm, 
garden,  orchard,  parks,  play  -  grounds, 
swimming  pools,  factory,  warehouse, 
power-plant,  etc. 

They  would  all  have  the  immense  benefit 
of  a  splendid  hydro-electric  power-plant, 
which  would  render  more  valuable  service 
than  any  retinue  of  servants;  of  automo- 
bile riding,  freighting,  gardening,  and 
farming.  They  would  have  the  use  of  the 
largest  and  best  tools  and  machinery ;  and 
of  the  most  efficient  methods  of  produc- 
tion and  consumption. 

The  thorough  domestic  co  -  operation 
would  produce  incalculable  comforts,  con- 
veniences, benefits,  and  social  enjoyments 
to  such  a  coterie  of  refined  co-operators. 

Every  occupant  of  the  Co  -  Operative 
Mansion,  whether  member  or  guest,  has 


116  MODERN  PARADISE 

an  elegant  private  apartment,  a  place  of 
ideal  seclusion  and  solitude  when  desired; 
and  in  the  same  building,  all  its  occupants 
have  the  use  of  a  fine  public  library,  gym- 
nasium, theater,  nurseries,  kindergartens, 
play-rooms,  conservatories,  dining  room, 
restaurant,  department  store,  art  gallery, 
and  many  other  places  of  work,  play,  and 
amusements. 

This  extensive,  harmonious,  domestic 
and  industrial  co-operation  not  only  abol- 
ishes practically  all  of  the  present  domes- 
tic drudgery  and  unnecesary  confinement 
of  millions  of  over-housed  and  over-worked 
mothers  and  children,  largely  wasting  their 
lives  in  comparatively  cheerless,  isolated 
homes ;  but  it  also  permits  women,  whether 
married  or  single,  to  receive  for  similar 
work  an  equal  personal  income  with  man. 

Instead  of  jumbling  old  and  young  of  the 
family  together  in  one  or  two  little  rooms 
of  an  isolated  cottage  or  servant-kept 
mansion  as  is  now  usually  the  case,  the 
Co-operative  Mansion  provides  every 
man,  woman,  and  child  with  a  large,  pri- 


CO-OPERATION  117 

vate,  personal  apartment  to  which  the 
owner  alone  or  in  company  with  other 
congenial  friends  may  retire  at  any  time; 
or  a  number  of  intimate  friends  or  mem- 
bers of  a  family  may  conveniently  occupy 
a  suite  of  rooms  as  suggested  in  one  of  the 
drawings,  and  all  these  advantages  are  in- 
herited from  generation  to  generation  so 
that  the  "start  in  life"  is  as  easy  and 
pleasant  as  any  other  period  of  it. 

It  seems  to  me  that  every  thoughtful 
unbiased  mind  can  see  at  a  glance  that 
none  of  these  important  comforts  and  con- 
veniences of  a  really  free,  civilized  life  can 
be  realized  in  any  high  degree  without  the 
complete  application  of  extensive,  har- 
monious domestic  as  well  as  industrial 
CO-OPERATION.  The  Home  would  then, 
indeed,  be  really  and  truly  modern,  which 
it  can  never  be  without  this  wide  and  thor- 
ough Co-operation.  If  these  comforts, 
conveniences,  and  advantages  of  life  can 
be  attained  in  any  other  way,  who  will  tell 
us  by  what  method  of  isolated  living  and 
working  they  may  be  attained? 


XLIV. 
NO  SPECULATIVE  COMMERCIALISM. 

IN  MODERN  Paradise,  there  would  be 
no  rent,  interest,  profit,  and  no  local 
taxes  to  pay;  and  as  before  intimated, 
every  man,  woman,  and  child  would  draw 
and  handle  his  or  her  equitable  share  of 
the  aggregate  earnings  as  equal  partners 
of  the  Association.  The  annual  wear  and 
tear  and  the  improvements  would  be 
charged  to  the  Association  as  expense, 
which  everybody  would  help  to  pay  in  pro- 
portion as  he  or  she  would  receive  labor- 
checks;  for  that  annual  outlay  would 
reduce  the  gross  to  the  net  aggregate 
annual  earnings  of  the  Association. 

Hence  no  able-bodied  person  would  need 
to  be  a  dependent,  and  this  equitable 
division  of  wealth,  work,  and  social  status, 
would  unquestionably  act  as  a  powerful 
stimulus  for  universal  industry  and  wise 
economy.  The  Modern  Paradisers  would 
raise  and  produce  everything  not  as  now 
for  profit  but  for  itse.    With  toil,  poverty, 


SPECULATIVE  COMMERCIALISM    119 

caste,  envy,  jealousy,  cruelty,  anxiety,  and 
domination  substantially  abolished,  there 
would  be  little  if  any  motive  left  for  the 
perpetuation  of  graft,  crime,  cruelty,  in- 
civility, and  Exploiting  Commercialism. 

It  is  plain  to  see  that  there  would  then 
be  no  numerous  private  division  lines  of 
land  to  quarrel  and  litigate  about.  No 
army  of  lawyers  interested  in  augmenting 
the  number  and  intensity  of  neighboring 
quarrels,  fights,  and  arrests.  No  numer- 
ous private  gardens  for  neighbors'  chick- 
ens to  wreck.  No  competing  armies  and 
navies  eager  to  show  their  ability  to  kill 
and  destroy.  No  caste  to  cause  envy  and 
subordination.  No  dependent  women  beg- 
ging or  quarreling  for  more  funds  or  sell- 
ing themselves  in  questionable  ways.  No 
endless  kitchen  drudgery  and  weary  over- 
housed  mothers  confined  by  the  ceaseless 
care  and  worry  of  children  and  other  do- 
mestic duties.  No  army  of  unemployed 
to  beg,  steal,  or  rob  their  way. 

No  jealousies  and  superstitions  to  nurse 
and  revenge.     No  salesmen  interested  in 


120  MODERN  PARADISE 

misrepresenting  goods.  No  masters  and 
servants  and  no  tenants  and  landlords  to 
antagonize  each  other.  No  children  to 
drive  to  work  or  to  school.  No  competing 
merchants  to  malign  each  other.  No  pov- 
erty and  excessive  toil  to  undermine  the 
health  and  ruffle  the  temper ;  and  no  trusts 
and  monopolistic  combinations  to  deceive, 
quarrel  and  exploit  the  people,  on  the  one 
hand ;  and  the  people  invading  their 
rights  by  arbitrary  interference  on  the 
other. 

With  these  and  many  other  discordant 
social  and  industrial  elements  eliminated, 
wealth,  under  the  regime  of  extensive, 
harmonious  CO-OPERATION  could,  no 
doubt,  be  produced  and  acquired  much 
easier  and  much  more  pleasantly  by  HAR- 
MONIOUS INDUSTRIALISM  than  by 
EXPLOITING  COMMERCIALISM,  so 
that  a  keenly-sensitive  and  justice-loving 
people  continually  resort  more  and  more 
to  the  former  and  correspondingly  aban- 
don the  latter. 


COTTAGE  DWELLINGS  121 

By  thus  looking  briefly  over  the  fields 
of  human  discords,  I  trust,  it  may  be  seen 
that  the  Modern  Paradise  plan  of  living 
and  working  does  not  deal  merely  with 
superficial  effects;  but  removes  the  very 
causes  of  social,  domestic,  maternal  and 
industrial  discordances,  and  this  will  fin- 
ally eliminate  exploiting  commercialism 
altogether. 

XLV. 
COTTAGE  DWELLINGS. 

npHE  reader  can  readily  see  that  it  does 
■*■  not  necessarily  follow  that  the  500  or 
more  members  of  a  co-operative  associa- 
tion as  here  suggested  must  or  should  live 
together  in  one  Co-operative  Mansion,  and 
co-operate  domestically  as  well  as  indus- 
trially. For  instance,  each  family  could 
live  in  a  separate  cottage,  perhaps  artis- 
tically arranged  around  a  large  public 
square,  on  which  could  be  located  the 
public  buildings  and  other  public  utilities ; 
such  as,  the  public  library,  factory,  power- 


122  MODKRN  PARADISE 

plant,  parks,  play-grounds,  gymnasium, 
nurseries,  etc. 

Each  individual  or  family  could  thus 
own  its  private  dwelling,  and  also  a  large 
lot  for  a  garden  plot,  if  they  so  desired. 
The  dwellings  so  located  around  a  fine, 
large  public  square  would  form  a  beauti- 
ful as  well  as  a  very  convenient  village, 
where  modern  conveniences  and  sociabil- 
ity could  range  much  higher  than  they  now 
do  in  the  large  cities  and  the  isolated 
country  dwellings,  so  that  this  village 
mode  of  living  and  working  as  equal  own- 
ing partners  could  in  most  respects  be 
much  superior  to  that  of  our  present 
co-operation  as  employer  and  employe. 

Besides  all  other  advantages,  it  would 
entirely  dispense  with  the  slums,  sky- 
scrapers, and  lonely  country  residences; 
but  as  we  shall  see  in  the  next  topic,  it 
would  fall  far  short  of  yielding  the  same 
degree  of  comforts,  conveniences,  economy, 
and  personal  liberty  as  would  the  domestic 
co-operation  of  the  Co-operative  Mansion. 


MODEL  CO-OPERATIVE  VILLAGE  SITE. 


Fig.  17. 


A,  large  public  square  for  public  utilities,  such 
as  library,  postoffice,  department  store,  etc.;  B, 
boulevards  around  the  square ;  C,  shady  promenades ; 
D,  one  hundred  large  residence  lots;  E,  parks,  out- 
door gymnasiums,  playgrounds,  etc. 


XLVI. 

COTTAGE  AND  CO-OPERATIVE  MANSION 
LIFE  COMPARED, 


I 


N  THIS  topic,  we  shall  briefly  compare 

the  cottage  or  village  life  with  the  Co- 
operative Mansion  life;  point  out  some  of 
the  important  advantages  of  the  one  over 
the  other. 

First  we  are  all  aware  that  small  dwell- 
ings like  cottages  are  readily  affected  by 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  They  are  usu- 
ally too  hot  in  summer,  and  too  cold  in 
winter.  A  large  building,  like  the  Co- 
operative Mansion,  is  naturally  much  more 
uniform  in  temperature,  and  can  also  be 
readily  heated,  cooled,  and  ventilated 
mechanically.  In  cottages  the  artificial 
heating  and  ventilation  are  invariably 
defective  and  costly. 

With  the  cottage  mode  of  living  and 
working,  the  family  garden  plots  have  to 
be  worked  with  spade  and  hoe,  and  other 
hand  tools,  and  the  lawns  mowed  with 
hand  lawn  mowers.     All  this  done  on  a 


124  MODERN  PAR ADISK 

small  scale  with  primitive  tools,  requires 
much  toil  with  few  results. 

With  domestic  co-operation,  there  would 
naturally  be  one  large  garden,  and  one 
large  lawn,  etc.,  for  the  100  or  more  fam- 
ilies. The  gardening  and  mowing  can  then 
readily  be  done  on  a  large  scale  with  trac- 
tion automobiles,  which  would  make  that 
work  easy  and  efficient;  one  worker  with 
the  aid  of  such  modern  tools  and  machin- 
ery could  do  more  work  than  twenty  men 
can  do  on  a  small  scale  with  hand  tools. 

The  100  family  cottages  would  have  to 
have  100  kitchens,  pantries,  cook  stoves, 
refrigerators,  dining  rooms,  cellars,  par- 
lors, libraries,  etc.  There  would  have  to  be 
a  100  or  more  heating  stoves  or  furnaces ;  a 
100  janitors  to  keep  them  running,  besides 
all  the  dust,  dirt,  and  gas  they  produce  in 
the  house.  In  the  Co-operative  Mansion, 
there  would  be  only  one  or  at  least  a  very 
few  of  each  of  these  things  that  are  used 
there. 

A  100  kitchens  in  a  100  cottages  per- 
meate the  kitchen  vapors  more  or  less  into 


COTTAGE  AND  MANSION  LIFE       125 

every  compartment  including  even  the 
closets  of  the  100  cottages.  As  before 
stated,  in  the  Co-operative  Mansion,  the 
heating  and  lighting  would  be  done  with 
electricity,  and  the  convenient  electric 
kitchen  and  restaurant  would  be  located 
on  the  upper  floor,  where  the  kitchen 
vapors  would  escape  as  fast  as  generated 
by  efficient  roof  ventilators. 

Everything  in  the  Co-operative  Mansion 
would  thus  be  clean  and  comfortable  as 
far  as  cooking  is  concerned ;  and  compara- 
tively cool  in  summer  and  warm  in  winter. 
More  than  a  100  cooks  would  have  to 
work  in  the  100  cottage  kitchens,  and  many 
of  them  would  naturally  be  more  or  less 
unskillful  in  their  work,  and  deficiently 
equipped  with  culinary  utensils.  The 
dough  must  be  kneaded  by  muscular  power, 
and  the  dishes  washed  by  hand. 

With  the  cottage  mode  of  living  and 
working,  there  could  be  no  convenient 
domestic  nurseries,  and  kindergartens,  so 
that  mothers  would  then,  like  now,  be  over- 
burdened with  domestic  and  nursery  toil 


1 26  .MODE RN  PAKADISE 

and  confinement ;  and  during  holidays  and 
when  entertaining  friends  and  relatives, 
their  kitchen  and  dining  room  work  is 
more  and  harder  than  ever,  so  that  under 
these  conditions,  visitors  are  usually  more 
of  a  burden  than  an  enjoyment. 

In  the  Co-operative  Mansion,  where  each 
visitor  would  be  furnished  with  an  elegant 
private  apartment,  and  the  guests  and 
hosts  would  dine  together  in  the  beautiful 
public  dining  hall,  or  order  their  meals 
in  the  restaurant,  or  have  them  served  in 
their  private  apartment,  visiting  and 
entertaining  would  then  be  a  pleasure, 
while  now  they  are  often  a  severe  strain  on 
the  hosts  with  but  little  comfort  and  pleas- 
ure to  the  guests. 

The  cottage  mode  of  living  and  working 
would  also  not  make  the  mothers  and  other 
housekeepers  economically  independent, 
and  socially  free.  They  would  then,  like 
now,  depend  on  the  income  of  the  husband 
or  some  other  so-called  "bread  winner.' * 
With  domestic  co-operation  and  universal 
private  housekeeping  (that  is,  each  indi- 


MOTOR  DRIVEN  DOUGH  MIXER. 


Fig.  18. 


This  is  a  six-barrel  Dough  Mixer  operated  by  an 
electric  motor.  It  can  mix  dough  faster  than  the 
hands  of  twenty  or  thirty  persons.  The  bakery  in 
the  Co-operative  Mansion  can  be  supplied  with  such 
an  efficient  Dough  Mixer. 


COTTAGE  AND  MANSION  LIFE       127 

vidual  doing  his  or  her  own  private  house- 
keeping), every  man,  woman,  and  child 
would  draw  his  or  her  own  income,  and 
this  would  make  the  woman,  whether  mar- 
ried or  single,  as  free  and  independent  as 
the  man. 

Thus  it  is  plain  to  be  seen  that  domestic 
co  -  operation  on  a  large  scale  not  only 
reduces  drudgery  and  dependence,  but  also 
greatly  promotes  health,  beauty,  longevity, 
cleanliness,  education,  amusements,  easy 
seclusion  and  sociability,  and  numerous 
other  comforts  and  conveniences  in  every 
conceivable  direction.  It  would  also  com- 
pletely abolish  caste,  that  social  and  indus- 
trial canker,  which  has  in  all  previous  ages 
caused  so  much  misery  in  the  world. 

But  let  us  here  bear  in  mind  that  it  will 
not  do  to  say  that  the  mansion  or  the  cot- 
tage is  always  better  than  the  wigwam; 
for  that  depends  on  the  degree  of  culture 
and  intellectual  attainments  of  the  occu- 
pants. It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the 
average  American  Indian  feels  more  at 
home  in  a  wigwam  than  he  does  in  a  man- 


128  MODERN  PARADISE 

sion  or  modern  cottage;  and  so  a  moder- 
ately developed  person  of  the  present  gen- 
eration, who  has  been  raised  in  the  social 
and  industrial  atmosphere  of  the  family 
cottage  or  servant-kept  mansion,  likely 
feels  more  comfortable  in  an  isolated  mod- 
ern cottage  or  extravangant  mansion  than 
he  does  in  an  elegant  Co-operative  Man- 
sion, which  requires  a  more  refined  and 
equitable  life. 

But  to  the  highly  developed  individuals, 
the  wigwam,  cottage,  and  servant-kept 
mansion  life  is  not  broad  enough  and  deep 
enough  to  satisfy  their  deeper  longings 
and  higher  aspirations.  Their  refined 
natures  reach  out  for  more  material  com- 
forts, higher  social,  intellectual,  domestic, 
and  industrial  enjoyments,  and  a  wider 
range  of  personal  liberty  and  independ- 
ence than  the  wigwam,  the  cottage,  and  the 
servant-kept  mansion  can  furnish.  Thor- 
ough domestic  co-operation  seems,  there- 
fore, to  be  the  only  possible  channel 
through  which  these  higher  attainments 
and  desirable  enjoyments  can  be  admitted 


GRAND  HALL— ARRANGED  AS  A 
THEATER. 


Figr.  19. 


Such  a  Grand  Hall  would  be  one  of  the  principal 
public  departments  of  the  Co-operative  Mansion.  It 
could  be  used  for  all  kinds  of  assemblies  and  enter- 
tainments.    (Private  theatre,  Waldorf-Astoria  Hotel.) 


NATURE  OF  CO-OPERATION         129 

as  a  desirable  element  of  advancing  civili- 
zation. 

XLVII. 
NATURE  OF  CO-OPERATION. 

THE  reader  will  notice  that  the  basic 
principle  of  the  proposed  Modern 
Paradise  plan  is  co-operation;  but  as  we 
all  know,  co-operation  is  nothing  new  or 
mysterious.  From  time  immemorial  has 
man  co-operated  in  many  of  his  important 
affairs. 

The  king  and  his  soldiers,  the  priest  and 
his  devotees,  the  lord  and  his  serfs,  the 
master  and  his  slaves,  and  now  the  em- 
ployers (stockholders)  and  their  wage- 
earners  have,  as  such,  always  co-operated; 
but  their  co-operation  has  seldom,  if  ever, 
been  equitable  and  thorough. 

The  so-called  upper  classes  have  invari- 
bly  received  too  large  a  share  of  the  pro- 
ducts of  labor,  and  done  too  little  of  the 
useful  work;  while  the  lower  classes  per- 
formed  nearly   all   the   useful   work,   but 


130  MODERN  PARADISE 

received  only  a  small  share  of  the  total 
products  of  labor. 

To  illustrate:  It  is  reported  that  an 
Omaha  firm  employing  about  400  wage- 
earners,  mostly  young  women  running 
sewing  machines,  cleared  a  million  dollars 
in  one  year,  which,  of  course,  went  to  the 
usually  unproductive  stockholders.  Some 
of  the  400  workers  received  as  little  as 
three  dollars  per  week,  which  at  50  work- 
weeks would  amount  to  $150  for  the  year's 
toil. 

But  had  the  400  wage-workers  and  their 
predecessors,  who  produced  substantially 
all  the  wealth  of  the  firm  or  corporation 
(capital  and  all)  owned  and  operated  the 
factory  as  equal  partners,  they  would  have 
had  a  million  dollars  to  divide  among 
themselves  at  the  close  of  the  year,  which 
would  be  $2,500  for  each  wage-earner, 
besides  the  weekly  wages  they  had  already 
received  during  the  year.  This  would 
amount  to  nearly  10  dollars  a  work-day  of 
ten  hours  to  each  wealth  producer.  But 
with  the  much  better  mode  of  living  and 


NATURE  OF  CO-OPERATION         131 

working — thorough  and  equitable  domestic 
as  well  as  industrial  co-operation — the  effi- 
ciency of  production  of  the  Modern  Para- 
disers  would  vastly  exceed  this,  so  that 
they  could  each  produce  perhaps  $10  worth 
of  wealth  in  from  two  to  three  hours  a 
day. 

In  this  case,  too,  we  see  that  the  stock- 
holders and  the  wage-earners  that  really 
produced  the  wealth  (factory  and  capital 
as  well  as  substantially  all  the  accumulated 
fortunes  of  the  stockholders),  co-operated; 
but  the  division  of  useful  work,  as  well  as 
the  division  of  the  wealth  which  that  work 
produced  has  so  far  been  exceedingly 
inequitable.  As  before  stated,  in  Modern 
Paradise,  we,  as  equal  partners,  propose 
to  make  equitable  division  of  both  work 
and  product;  and  if  this  is  fairly  done 
under  a  system  of  harmonious  co-opera- 
tion, the  real  wealth-producers  would  not 
then,  like  now,  need  to  rely  on  the  wealthy 
to  build  factories  and  buy  tools  and 
machinery,  which  the  comparatively  poor 
wage-earners  are  obliged  to  operate  for 


132  MODERN  PARADISE 

them,  and  usually  at  the  wage  the  masters 
see  fit  to  pay. 

The  real  wealth  producers  would  then 
also  be  the  real  wealth  possessors,  and 
would  be  abundantly  able  to  furnish  the 
capital  for  their  own  buildings,  machinery, 
and  raw  material  to  work  up  into  finished 
products  of  labor. 

The  co-operation  of  the  past  and  pres- 
ent has  also  never  yet  been  thorough;  for 
the  parties  thereto  have  invariably  been 
composed  of  ' '  superiors ' '  and  ' '  inferiors ' ' 
— of  masters  and  servants  of  some  sort — 
instead  of  equal  partners;  and  their  co- 
operation has  also  usually  been  limited  to 
industrialism;  such  as,  the  farm,  factory, 
and  mine.  The  Modern  Paradisers,  on  the 
other  hand,  would  co-operate  as  equal 
partners,  not  only  on  the  farm,  factory, 
and  mine;  but  in  the  garden,  kitchen,  din- 
ing room,  and  nursery  as  well. 


XLVIII. 

MODERN  PARADISE  METHOD  OF  RAISING 
AND  TRAINING  CHILDREN. 

WE  ALL  began  life  in  helpless  infancy, 
dependent  for  nurture  and  support 
on  the  labor  and  care  of  others;  and,  in 
return  for  this  labor  and  care  received 
from  others,  we,  each  in  turn  owe  an 
equal  amount  to  some  other  contempo- 
rary infants;  and  it  makes  no  difference 
whether  we  are  parents  or  not.  The  debt 
is  due  just  the  same;  and  if  we  do  not 
strive  to  repay  it  to  other  contemporary 
infants  either  in  money,  labor,  care,  or 
education,  we  die  a  shirk  and  a  debtor  to 
the  human  race.  On  this  basic  principle 
could  the  children  of  Modern  Paradise  be 
advantageously  raised  and  trained.  On 
this  just  basis  the  child  owes  the  parent 
nothing,  and  the  parent  expects  nothing 
but  to  repay  the  parental  debt  he  owes  for 
having  been  nurtured  in  his  infancy  and 
childhood. 

I  feel  confident  that  our  present  system 


1 34  MODERN  PAR ADI SE 

of  isolated  family  living  and  working 
entails  from  five  to  ten  times  more  labor, 
care,  and  worry  in  the  matter  of  raising 
and  training  children  than  is  necessary  or 
beneficial  under  a  system  of  rational 
domestic  co-operation  similar  to  that  of 
the  proposed  Modern  Paradise  plan. 

From  the  beginning  children  should 
always  be  helped  to  help  themselves;  eat 
when  hungry,  drink  when  thirsty,  rest 
when  tired,  sleep  when  sleepy,  play  when 
overflowing  with  activity,  learn  when  they 
feel  interested  in  learning,  and  work  when 
they  want  money.  They  should  have  the 
opportunity  and  be  led  to  do  all  this  them- 
selves from  infancy. 

Every  infant  should  have  a  clean,  well- 
ventilated  room  kept  at  a  comfortable 
temperature  and  conveniently  connected 
wi  t  h  the  parents '  private  apartment. 
Almost  from  the  day  of  its  birth,  the  child 
should  daily  be  brought  in  contact  with 
out-door  air,  so  as  to  make  it  strong  and 
hardy,  and  get  the  full  benefit  of  the  fresh 
out-door  breezes. 


TRAINING  CHILDREN  135 

No  cradle  of  any  kind  should  ever  enter 
the  home,  nor  should  children  ever  be 
rocked  or  carried  for  soothing  purposes. 
All  its  wants  should  be  judiciously  sup- 
plied and  when  prepared  for  sleep,  whether 
night  or  day,  it  should  be  laid  in  its  clean, 
comfortable  couch  and  left  alone,  whether 
dark  or  daylight.  In  fact,  everybody  should 
sleep  in  the  dark,  for  sleep  in  the  dark  is 
more  profound  and  refreshing  than  it  is 
in  the  light  when  the  light-waves  are  con- 
tinually impinging  on  the  closed  eyelids, 
which  has  a  tendency  to  open  the  eyes  and 
wake  us. 

The  greatest  care  should  be  exercised  in 
not  wheedling  the  child  into  a  "cry-baby" 
by  the  lavishment  of  excessive  paternal- 
ism. Every  cry  -  baby  results  from  mis- 
management of  the  nursery.  Mismanage- 
ment can  and  does  turn  the  most  amiable 
child  into  a  "naughty  cry-baby"  and 
proper  treatment  will  in  a  comparatively 
few  days,  change  the  "naughtiest  cry- 
baby" into  an  earthly  "angel"  by  a  very 
simple  method  of  kind  treatment;  which  is, 


136  .MODERN  PARADISE 

supply  all  the  reasonable  needs  of  the 
child  and  then  accustom  it  to  amuse  itself. 

Never  practice  taking  it  up  merely 
because  it  happens  to  cry.  That  method 
is  offering  a  premium  on  the  cry,  and  that 
premium  develops  all  "naughty  cry- 
babies. ' '  Put  the  child  down  when  it  cries, 
and  pick  it  up  when  it  smiles,  then  we 
offer  a  premium  on  the  smile  instead  of  on 
the  cry. 

The  latter  treatment  develops  strong, 
healthy,  quiet,  cheerful  children ;  while  the 
former  produces  weak,  irritable  cry-babies 
that  are  a  nuisance  to  themselves  and  oth- 
ers. The  world  is  still  full  of  needless, 
annoying  cry-babies  simply  because  most 
parents  and  nurses  and  especially  most 
mothers  still  continue  to  offer  the  premium 
on  the  cry  instead  of  the  smile.  Children 
are  spoiled  by  needless  meddling. 

From  the  beginning,  the  child  should  be 
taught  that  Nature  punishes  every  viola- 
tion of  her  laws;  that  Nature  is  unitary 
and  mechanical  in  her  operation ;  that  this 
is  a  universe  of  cause  and  effect.    Hence, 


TRAINING  CHILDREN  137 

when  the  child  stumbles  it  should  not  be 
picked  up  by  others,  but  learn  to  get  up 
itself.  When  it  strikes  its  thumb  with  its 
toy  hammer,  it  should  not  be  made  to 
believe  that  a  kiss  or  a  sympathetic  word 
can  repair  the  injury  and  banish  the  pain. 

The  practice  of  this  false  doctrine  leads 
the  child  to  become  careless  and  bungle- 
some,  because  it  will  thereby  naturally 
learn  to  think  that  a  kiss  can  readily  cure 
the  painful  effect  of  a  discordant  act— a 
false  relation  between  Nature  and  conduct ; 
while  a  knowledge  of  the  true  relation  of 
cause  and  effect  tends  to  produce  caution, 
clever  activity,  and  skillful  workmanship; 
and  the  same  is  true  of  all  other  phases  of 
human  conduct. 

The  child  should  not  be  developed  into 
a  tattler  by  offering  a  premium  on  a  tattle. 
It  should  be  taught  to  adjust  its  own  social 
affairs,  and  no  heed  should  be  paid  to 
tattles.  In  a  favorable  social  atmosphere 
where  all  children  are  continually  sur- 
rounded by  all  cultured  people,  it  is  quite 
easy  to  teach  children  by  word  and  exam- 


138  MODERN  PARADISE 

pie  that  it  does  not  pay  to  be  cruel,  impo- 
lite, envious,  haughty,  jealous,  dishonest, 
harsh,  lazy,  disorderly,  immoral  and  un- 
truthful— that  all  these  as  well  as  many 
other  discordances  of  conduct  ultimately 
reflect  back  on  the  wrong-doer,  and  after 
one,  whether  young  or  old,  clearly  sees  and 
feels  this  there  is  no  desire  to  do  them. 

As  the  boys  and  girls  grow  older — 
beginning  perhaps  at  the  age  of  eight  or 
ten  years — they  should  be  taught  in  a 
clean,  simple  way  all  the  important  feat- 
ures of  Eugenics  and  sex-hygiene,  so  that 
they  are  theoretically  familiar  with  the 
procreative  functions  and  their  consequent 
responsibility  when  they  arrive  at  the  age 
of  puberty.  Ignorance  should  never  be- 
come the  safeguard  of  virtue. 

As  before  stated,  Modern  Paradise 
co-operation  provides  all  kinds  of  attrac- 
tive games  and  play-grounds  for  all  ages. 
There  the  children  and  adults,  too,  would 
be  contentedly  playing  and  amusing  them- 
selves during  their  leisure  hours,  in  var- 
ious ways  on  the  home  premises;  and  the 


TRAINING  CHILDREN  139 

public  nurseries  would  afford  mothers 
with  little  children  abundant  opportunity 
to  do  their  short  day's  work;  and  at  inter- 
vals, to  be  free  to  amuse  themselves  with- 
out being  burdened  and  ceaselessly  bound 
down  with  the  continuous  care  and  worry 
of  one  or  more  helpless  children.  Under 
these  rational  conditions,  children  would 
naturally  divide  their  time  between  pleas- 
ant play,  attractive  profitable  work,  and 
useful  learning. 

Young  boys  and  girls  could  both  be 
dressed  in  neat  rompers.  The  hair  could 
be  neatly  trimmed,  so  that  it  would  be 
clean,  comfortable,  and  easy  to  care  for. 
It  would  also  save  an  immense  amount  of 
labor  and  would  also  be  much  more  sani- 
tary than  to  wear  the  hair  braided  in  one 
or  more  long  queues.  The  artificial  lakes, 
and  the  in-door  and  out-door  swimming 
pools  would  furnish  the  finest  opportuni- 
ties for  sportive  swimming  and  bathing 
purposes. 

Half  an  hour  before  meals,  the  electric 
gong  could  announce  the  near  approach  of 


140  MODERN  PARADISE 

meal  time,  so  that  this  could  serve  as  a 
signal  for  all  to  clean  up  and  get  ready 
for  the  dining  hall.  In  the  work  of  clean- 
ing up  and  dressing,  children  could  be 
taught  to  help  each  other  in  pairs  or  small 
groups,  so  that  parents  would  have  but 
little  care  and  trouble  in  these  matters. 
This  method  would  not  only  be  beneficial 
to  the  parents,  but  even  more  so  to  the 
children  in  the  matter  of  developing  self- 
reliance  and  orderly  habits  of  life.  Every 
child  should  learn  to  button,  tie  and  pin 
at  a  very  young  age. 

In  the  matter  of  industry,  the  work 
could  be  made  so  easy,  pleasant,  and  profit- 
able that  children,  as  a  rule,  would  regard 
it  rather  a  privilege  to  be  permitted  to 
support  themselves  at  a  very  young  age, 
some  of  them  perhaps  as  young  as  eight 
or  ten  years.  Instead  of  loafing  on  the 
streets  and  visiting  questionable  resorts 
as  is  now  frequently  the  case,  the  children 
of  Modern  Paradise  would  play  all  they 
wish,  and  then  engage    in    some    manual 


BABY  MENTALITY  141 

work  using  the  finest  tools  and  machinery 
that  art  and  science  can  manufacture. 

Under  these  favorable  co-operative  sur- 
roundings and  rational  methods,  I  contend 
that  the  labor,  care,  strife,  and  worry  of 
raising,  training,  and  educating  children 
could  easily  be  reduced  from  five  to  ten 
times,  and  the  immediate  as  well  as  the 
far-reaching  benefits  to  parents  and  chil- 
dren would,  no  doubt,  be  inestimable. 

XLIX. 
WONDERFUL  BABY  MENTALITY. 


I 


N  SUPPORT  of  the  foregoing  educa- 
tional principles,  let  me  here  give  a 
brief  account  of  the  educational  experi- 
ment the  author  personally  conducted  with 
Viola  Rosalia  Olerich  as  a  baby  scholar. 

This  account  is  here  given  for  the  pur- 
pose of  showing  how  much,  and  how  easily 
a  mere  baby  can  acquire  useful  knowledge, 
if  the  matter  is  presented  in  an  interest- 
ing and  practical  way. 

As  an  active  teacher  and  superintendent 


142  MODERN  PARADISE 

of  city  schools  for  over  fifteen  years,  I 
became  more  and  more  convinced  as  the 
years  passed,  and  as  I  carefully  studied 
the  nature  and  ability  of  the  normal  child 
that  our  educational  institutions,  both  pub- 
lic and  private,  have  so  far  been  much  too 
formal,  and  in  general  too  cheerless  and 
confining  for  the  ever-active  nature  of 
childhood  and  youth. 

The  primary  object  of  this  educational 
experiment  was,  (1)  To  demonstrate  in  a 
practical  way  how  much  and  how  pleas- 
antly a  mere  baby  may  learn  useful  things, 
if  the  appropriate  mental  food  is  properly 
presented;  (2)  That  no  harsh  means  are 
necessary  for  developing  a  profound  men- 
tality and  a  noble  character;  (3)  That  a 
profoundly  critical  mind  will  unfold  at  a 
very  young  age,  if  the  surrounding  mental 
atmosphere  is  favorable;  and  (4)  That 
hereditary  tendencies  exert  but  an  insig- 
nificant part  in  the  development  of  mind, 
and  in  the  formation  of  character  as  com- 
pared with  the  ever-present  influences  of 
post-natal  environment. 


BABY  MENTALITY  143 

The  following  is  a  brief  summary  of 
Viola's  baby  attainments  as  taken  from 
her  diary. 

Viola  was  born  February  10,  1897.  She 
could  cleverly  eat  and  drink  alone  when 
she  was  ten  months  old.  At  eighteen 
months,  she  could  read  and  spell  quite  well 
in  the  elementary  school  books,  and  at  two 
years  and  a  half,  she  could  read  at  sight 
with  force  and  excellent  expression  almost 
any  reading  matter  in  the  English  lang- 
uage, and  spell  with  remarkable  efficiency. 

At  the  age  of  twenty  months,  she  could 
read  numbers  up  to  a  billion;  recognize 
nine  colors,  and  could  name  and  bring  any 
of  the  thirty-four  geometrical  surfaces  and 
solids  when  all  the  objects  were  set  up 
together  as  shown  in  the  illustration. 

At  twenty-one  months,  she  knew  the 
flags  of  twenty-five  nations  of  the  world, 
and  could  point  out  any  state,  territory 
and  capital  of  the  United  States  on  her 
"dissected"  map  having  no  printed  mat- 
ter on  it. 

She  also  knew  the  portraits  and  could 


L44  m  JDE.RN  PARADISE 

give  the  names  of  more  than  a  hundred 
famous  men  and  women  of  the  world. 
When  twenty-three  months,  she  was  quite 
familiar  with  the  twenty-five  kinds  of  lines 
and  angles  used  in  geometry;  recognized 
and  could  name  thirty-two  varieties  of 
bottled  seeds  and  as  many  kinds  of  leaves ; 
could  name  and  point  to  almost  all  the 
visible  bones  of  the  human  skeleton  as 
shown  on  a  physiological  chart,  and  was 
familiar  with  all  the  United  States  money, 
except  bills  over  $100. 

On  her  second  birthday,  Viola  was  a 
splendid  reader,  an  excellent  speller,  and  a 
clever  writer.  She  recognized  and  could 
name  twenty-two  punctuation  marks  ; 
could  give  all  the  elementary  sounds  of  the 
English  language,  and  all  of  Webster's 
diacritical  marks,  and  was  skillful  in  find- 
ing and  pronouncing  words  in  the  dic- 
tionary. 

She  knew  at  sight  and  could  write  the 
abbreviations  of  all  the  United  States  and 
Territories;  of  the  months  of  the  year, 
days  of  the  week,  and  many  others.     At 


<-  s 

2  S 


Oi   W) 

3  S 


> 

o 

3 


BABY  MENTALITY  145 

this  age,  she  could  tell  the  parts  of  speech, 
and  classify  sentences  according  to  use 
and  form,  and  in  an  indexed  geography, 
she  could  turn  to  any  prominent  country 
and  capital  in  the  world  in  a  few  seconds 
of  time. 

At  this  time,  she  could  also  locate  the 
sun,  planets  and  satellites  represented  by 
an  orrery,  and  five  days  before  she  was 
two  years  old,  an  examining  committee 
found  that  she  knew  2,000  nouns  by  having 
either  the  pictures  or  the  objects  brought 
before  her.  Perhaps  her  most  wonderful 
accomplishment  at  this  time  was  her  exten- 
sive vocabulary  and  her  ability  to  under- 
stand what  she  read. 

The  reader  will  notice  that  Viola  learned 
all  these  things  in  the  form  of  interesting 
play  with  attractive  objects;  such  as  cards, 
pictures,  flags,  dolls,  picture  books,  maps, 
charts,  geometrical  forms,  colors,  blocks, 
seeds,  leaves,  flowers,  grasses,  barks,  peb- 
bles, minerals,  and  many  other  natural  and 
artificial  objects.  They  were  her  play- 
things concerning   which    we   talked    and 


14(5  MODERN  PARADISE 

told  little  nature  stories.  Substantially  all 
her  baby  learning  was  along  these  lines. 
Interest,  kindness,  and  well  -  developed 
freedom  are  the  basic  principles  to  which 
we  largely  attribute  the  unusual  success  in 
our  educational  experiment. 

Aside  from  a  few  little  ailments,  Viola's 
health  has  been  uniformly  good.  She  is 
unusually  active  in  her  play,  has  a  keen 
appetite,  is  somewhat  above  the  medium 
height  and  weight  for  her  age,  and  is  gen- 
erally strong  and  vigorous  with  all  the 
physical  functions  of  body  and  mind  well 
developed. 

In  her  rambles,  Viola  was  always  fond 
of  gathering  flowers,  grasses,  nuts,  leaves, 
pebbles,  and  other  natural  objects.  She 
also  likes  to  visit  factories,  workshops, 
power  stations,  parks,  stores,  market- 
places, museums,  libraries,  art  galleries, 
and  other  sceneries  of  art  and  nature. 

She  has  always  chosen  her  own  play- 
mates and  companions.  We  left  them 
adjust  their  own  games  and  other  social 
affairs.    We  believe  that  childhood  is  the 


BABY  MENTALITY  147 

best  time  for  the  beginning  of  eutivating 
harmonious  social  and  industrial  senti- 
ments, and  with  us  this  method  has  pro- 
duced very  satisfactory  results.  The 
greatest  and  most  important  educational 
principle  is  to  help  the  child  to  help  itself; 
to  evolve  desirable  sentiments  that  serve 
as  a  spontaneous  guide  in  the  practical 
affairs  of  the  child's  life. 

Extensive  reading  has,  therefore,  been 
one  of  Viola's  chief  charms  of  life.  She 
began  her  career  of  reading  before  she 
was  two  years  old,  and  has  ever  since  read 
much  of  her  leisure  time  both  day  and 
evening,  and  for  this  reason  I  feel  justi- 
fied in  saying  that  she  has  perhaps  read 
more  and  over  a  wider  field  than  any  other 
person  of  her  age  that  ever  lived. 

Of  all  her  early  attainments,  that  of  her 
unusual  ability  for  indiscriminate  extem- 
poraneous spelling  over  nearly  the  whole 
field  of  the  English  language  is  perhaps 
the  most  remarkable.  At  the  age  of  four 
years  and  four  months,  she  outspelt  in  a 
public  contest  six  of  the  best  spellers  that 


148  MODERN  PARADISE 

could  be  secured  from  a  leading  university. 

The  words  were  given  out  in  this  gen- 
eral way:  Twenty  copies  of  McGuffey's 
Revised  Spelling  Book  were  distributed 
among  the  large  audience,  and  any  one 
present  could  call  for  any  page  of  the 
large  spelling  book  (containing  142  pages) 
on  which  words  should  be  pronounced  and 
spelt,  and  then  on  another  page,  and  so  on, 
at  any  part  of  the  book. 

Here  are  a  few  samples  of  some  of  the 
difficult  words  that  were  pronounced  and 
spelt  during  the  spelling  contest  when 
Viola  was  a  little  over  four  years  old: 
Paradisiacal,  trousseau,  idiosyncrasy,  hy- 
pothenuse,  obligatory,  ipecacuanha,  etc. 
Viola  spelt  half  the  words  and  missed  one, 
the  other  six  missed  more  than  twenty.  I 
believe  that  this  spelling  record  has  never 
been  equaled  by  anyone  of  her  age. 

Viola  learned  her  spelling  mostly  by  her 
extensive  course  of  promiscuous  reading. 
She  seems  to  formulate  a  thorough  mental 
picture  of  the  new  words  with  which  she 
meets  in  her  reading  matter. 


THE  WONDERFUL  BABY  SCHOLAR. 


Fig.  21. 

Viola  R.  Olerich,  the  youngest  known  reader, 
speller,  and  writer  that  ever  lived  on  earth.  She  is 
here  reading  with  force  and  expression  from  Herbert 
Spencer's  Synthetic  Philosophy  at  the  age  of  two 
years  and  five  months. 


BABY  MENTALITY  149 

Her  ability  for  critical  analysis  and 
close  observation  is,  if  possible,  even  more 
remarkable  than  that  of  her  phenomenal 
spelling.  When  she  first  takes  hold  of  a 
page  of  "proof,"  or  typewritten  matter, 
she  seems  to  scan  the  whole  page  in  a 
moment's  time.  If  there  is  a  misspelt 
word  or  a  typographical  error  anywhere  in 
the  page,  she  invariably  sees  the  mistake 
almost  momentarily. 

Intermixed  with  her  book  learning, 
Viola  has  also  learned  to  sew,  cook,  darn, 
sing,  paint,  typewrite,  etc.,  with  good  suc- 
cess. She  is  not  an  expert  in  some  of  these, 
but  her  originality  and  independent  work 
are  exceptionally  high  and  brilliant.  In  a 
general  way,  she  is  also  unusually  well 
informed  on  current  events,  politics,  econ- 
omics, sociology,  theology,  and  psychology. 
She  has  learned  these  higher  branches 
without  any  special  book  study. 

The  reader  will  notice  that  the  method 
by  which  Viola  was  educated  is  Froebelism 
and  Montessorianism  carried  to  its  logical 
conclusion;  the  same  educational  method 


150  MODERN  PARADISE 

as  that  proposed  for  Modern  Paradise. 
Free  children  favorably  surrounded  with 
material  resources,  and  efficient  incidental 
teachers. 

L. 

UNLIMITED  IN  SCOPE. 

T  AM  sometimes  told  that  the  Modern 
■■■  Paradise  plans  here  suggested  are  too 
limited  in  scope;  that  they  would  benefit 
only  a  few  hundred  select  individuals  and 
would  leave  all  the  rest  of  humanity  as 
poor  and  defective  as  before. 

If  only  one,  or  even  a  few  Modern  Para- 
dises could  be  founded,  and  if  substan- 
tially everybody  would  want  to  become  a 
member  of  these  few,  this  objection  might 
then  be  well  taken;  but  such  is  not  the 
case ;  first,  because  none  but  highly  evolved 
persons  would  feel  in  harmony  with  such 
mutual  co-operative  helpfulness;  and,  sec- 
ondly, because  there  is  a  rich  opportunity 
for  an  unlimited  number  of  such  associa- 
tions or  corporations  to  live  and  work  side 
by  side  as  fast  as  more  and  more  mature, 


CJN  LIMITED  IN  SCOPE  151 

and  become  desirous  of  living  that  higher 
and  more  harmonious  life;  the  more  the 
better. 

The  scope  for  this  mode  of  living  and 
working  is  therefore  practically  limited 
only  by  the  processes  of  fraternal  evolu- 
tion and  material  prosperity. 

Hence  we  may  plainly  see  that  there  is 
no  limit  to  the  scope  of  the  Modern  Para- 
dise mode  of  living  and  working;  and  if 
the  people,  whether  rich  or  poor,  once  see 
by  an  actual  practical  experiment  how 
easily  and  how  pleasantly  a  group  of  intel- 
ligent co-operators  may  live  and  work, 
the  progress  in  this  direction  will,  no 
doubt,  be  rapid;  for  as  civilization  con- 
tinues to  advance,  the  poor  become  con- 
tinually more  and  more  adverse  to  their 
needless  toil  and  subordination;  and  the 
rich  to  the  foolish  burdens  of  caring  for 
surplus  millions  which  they  can  never  hope 
to  use,  and  which  they  have  to  wring  from 
the  excessive  toil  and  deprivation  of  many 
others. 

Thus  eventually  both  rich  and  poor  will 


152  MODERN  PARADISE 

learn  that  rational  co-operation  is  con- 
ducive to  the  mutual  benefit  of  all,  and  the 
present  exploiting  Commercialism  will  be 
rapidly  superseded  by  harmonious  Indus- 
trialism, which  will  unquestionably  make 
work  easy  and  pleasant,  prosperity  uni- 
versal, and  individual  freedom  of  the  high- 
est order. 

LI. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  POPULATION. 

nY  REFERRING  to  the  illustration  rep- 
***  resenting  a  section  of  country  set  off 
into  Modern  Paradises,  the  reader  can 
readily  imagine  the  harmonious  distribu- 
tion of  population  of  that  section  of  the 
country.  (See  page  44.)  The  large  landed 
estates  make  the  public  highways  few  and 
good.  Instead  of  having  poor,  muddy 
roads  at  intervals  of  one  mile;  there  could 
then  be  finely  paved  or  steel-plated  boule- 
vards at  intervals  of  four  miles. 

The  people  all  live  near  their  places  of 
work,  education,  and  amusements.  The 
workers,    as    such,    would    then    need    no 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  POPULATION     153 

trains,  street  cars,  and  dinner  pails;  and 
the  products  of  the  earth  are  largely  manu- 
factured, stored,  and  consumed  on  the  very 
estates  on  which  they  are  raised  and  manu- 
factured, so  that  transportation  is  very 
largely  reduced,  and  the  facilities  for  inter- 
esting and  instructive  travel  immensely 
advanced. 

The  numerous  evils  of  the  present 
densely  crowded  centers  as  well  as  the 
lonely  country  abodes  would  thus  be  en- 
tirely removed,  so  that  the  fullest  benefits 
and  conveniences  of  both  city  and  country 
would  then  be  right  at  the  door  of  every 
Modern  Paradiser;  and  these  public  utili- 
ties would  be  inherited  from  generation  to 
generation.  In  this  way  would  the  pro- 
ducers be  again  restored  to  the  land,  and 
own  themselves  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name. 


LII. 

TRANSPORTATION  AND  TRAVEL. 

A  S  ALREADY  intimated,  the  Modern 
***•  Paradise  mode  of  living  and  working 
would  vastly  reduce  the  aggregate  amount 
of  transportation  and  commercialism,  but 
would  greatly  increase  travel  and  sight- 
seeing. The  population,  as  we  have  seen, 
would  then  be  quite  uniformly  distributed 
over  the  land  where  the  wealth  is  pro- 
duced, and  a  very  large  share  of  it  con- 
sumed without  transportation. 

The  surplus  could  be  conveniently  trans- 
ported by  automobile  trains  on  the  well- 
constructed  boulevards.  There  would  also 
be  little  moving  and  building  going  on  after 
the  supply  of  buildings  is  once  up  to  the 
demand  and  the  re-distribution  of  popula- 
tion to  the  land  approximately  complete. 

With  fine  electric  automobiles  and 
smoothly  paved  highways,  everybody 
would,  no  doubt,  want  to  travel  more  or 
less  at  frequent  intervals.  All  along  these 
splendid   highways   would   be   an   endless 


TRANSPORTATION  155 

variety  of  beautiful  scenery  —  gardens, 
orchards,  groves,  lawns,  fountains,  lakes, 
parks,  play-grounds,  games,  and  at  inter- 
vals of  four  miles  would  be  other  Co-opera- 
tive Mansions  and  buildings  where  the 
tourists  could  eat,  visit,  lodge,  and  have 
their  automobiles  re-charged  as  cheaply 
and  as  well  at  at  home. 

There  would  then  be  no  need  for  sleep- 
ing and  dining  cars.  A  bunch  of  con- 
genial tourists  can  then  run  a  special  auto- 
mobile train  of  their  own  and  start  when 
they  please,  and  go  where  they  like.  No 
horses  to  curry  and  get  tired,  no  locomo- 
tive smoke  and  cinders  to  annoy,  and  no 
noxious  gas  to  soil  and  offend.  The  trans- 
portation question  would  then  be  practi- 
cally solved  without  the  inevitable  strife 
engendered  by  government  control. 


Lin. 

OUTSIDE  COMMERCE,  AND  HOW  CON- 
DUCTED. 

AS  ALREADY  intimated,  perhaps 
every  Modern  Paradise  would  have 
some  surplus  products  of  farm,  mine,  gar- 
den, orchard,  or  factory  to  sell,  and  a 
corresponding  amount  of  other  commodi- 
ties to  buy  from  some  outside  firm  or 
other  Modern  Paradise. 

For  example,  one  Modern  Paradise 
would  be  largely  engaged  in  raising 
wheat.  Their  land  and  machinery  would 
be  especially  adapted  for  that  industry; 
another  would  be  largely  engaged  in  rais- 
ing potatoes;  another  in  fruit;  another  in 
mining;  another  in  the  manufacture  of 
automobiles,  etc. 

The  special  wheat  raiser  would  sell  or 
exchange  its  surplus  wheat  for  other 
needed  commodities,  and  so  with  the  sur- 
plus products  of  all  other  Modern  Para- 
dises. This  buying  and  selling  under  the 
Modern  Paradise  plan  could  be  an  easy 


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OUTSIDE  INFLUENCE  157 

and  pleasant  matter.  There  are  several 
good  methods  that  may  be  used.  The  fol- 
lowing will  serve  as  typical  examples. 

Every  Modern  Paradise  could  mail 
printed  leaflets  to  all  other  Modern  Para- 
dises and  commercial  firms,  stating  what 
it  has  to  sell  and  how  much,  and  what  it 
wishes  to  buy  and  how  much.  By  this 
convenient  method,  all  the  Modern  Para- 
disers  would  learn  just  where  each  can 
sell  or  exchange  its  surplus  products  for 
what  it  needs  in  return  from  the  outside 
world.  They  would  all  buy  and  sell  at 
cost  of  production.  The  mail  would  be 
carried  by  fast  automobile  trains. 

For  prices  and  quality  of  goods,  they 
can  then  further  communicate.  The  goods 
can  be  conveniently  transported  by  elec- 
tric automobile  trains  on  the  well-paved 
boulevards  that  cross  in  the  center  of 
each  Modern  Paradise.  One  train  load 
will  more  than  supply  the  needed  com- 
modities of  any  Modern  Paradise  for  a 
whole  year. 

There   are  many  other   good   ways   by 


158  MODERN  PARADISE 

which  outside  commerce  may  be  conveni- 
ently transacted.  For  instance,  the  Mod- 
ern Paradisers  could  have  bulletin  boards 
up  at  the  boulevard  crossings.  These 
bulletins  can  say  what  this  particular 
Modern  Paradise  has  to  sell  and  what  it 
wishes  to  buy,  so  that  the  freighters 
coming-  and  going  over  the  boulevards,  can 
continue  to  dispose  of  their  goods  which 
they  wish  to  sell,  and  reload  with  such 
commodities  as  they  wish  to  buy  or  ex- 
change for  them. 

The  loading  and  unloading  could  in 
nearly  all  cases  be  done  with  dumps  and 
derricks;  so  that  the  work  of  freighting 
along  these  clean,  artistic  boulevards  is 
merely  a  pleasant  outing,  which  men  and 
women  would  largely  enjoy. 

The  reader  will  notice  that  these  com- 
mercial transactions  require  no  whole- 
salers and  other  "middle  men;"  no  spe- 
cial elevators;  no  army  of  clerks;  no 
profit,  interest  and  rent;  and  no  high- 
priced  railroad  freight.  All  the  goods  go 
direct  from  the  producer — the  farm,  gar- 


DEFICIENT  PRODUCTION  159 

den,  factory,  and  mine — to  the  consumers, 
and  are  thus  always  cheap,  new,  and 
fresh. 

LIV.  . 

DEFICIENT  PRODUCTION. 

ll^OST  people  and  even  most  reformers 
"■*  seem  to  think  that  production  has 
attained  approximate  perfection;  that  at 
present,  we  are  only  deficient  in  distribu- 
tion. But  the  reader,  who  has  thought- 
fully read  the  foregoing  pages,  will,  I 
trust,  see  that  there  is  as  much  of  a 
deficiency  of  wealth  and  excessive  toil  as 
there  is  a  discordance  in  distribution. 

To  surround  everybody  with  such  mate- 
rial comforts  and  conveniences  as  this  age 
reasonably  demands,  would  require  per- 
haps two  or  three  times  as  much  wealth 
as  is  now  on  hand,  and  the  accumulated 
wealth  we  have  got  was  produced  with  far 
too  much  toil  and  hardship.  We  should 
produce  much  more;  produce  it  much 
easier,  and  make  it  accessible  to  those 
that  need  it. 


160  MODERN  PARADISE 

By  the  very  nature  of  things,  it  is  plain 
to  be  seen  that  the  efficiency  of  production 
can  never  be  perfect  or  complete.  There 
is  always  room  left  for  further  improve- 
ment in  tools  and  machinery,  in  the  skill 
of  the  workers,  and  in  the  methods  used. 

On  the  other  hand,  approximate  perfec- 
tion in  distribution  is  comparatively  easy. 
Whenever  everybody  receives  all  he  pro- 
duces, or  a  full  desirable  equivalent  there- 
for, distribution  is  then  perfect,  and  for 
an  intelligent  people  to  bring  about  tiny 
ethical  method  of  distribution,  should  not 
be  very  difficult  to  accomplish.  It  is,  how- 
ever, plainly  evident  that  extensive,  har- 
monious co-operation  is  the  only  conceiv- 
able mode  of  living  and  working  that  can 
bring  about  these  desirable  results  to  the 
highest  degree. 


LV. 
EXPLOITATION  FROM  WITHOUT. 

TT  HAS  been  said  that  the  members  of 
*■  one,  or  even  of  several  Modern  Para- 
dises ever  so  complete  in  themselves 
would  still  be  hampered  and  exploited  by 
the  immature  outside  world,  and  that 
therefore  commendable  reform  measures 
should  embrace  the  entire  population  of  a 
nation  instead  of  its  advanced  individuals, 
so  as  to  get  rid  of  this  outside  discord. 

But  does  progress  work  that  way?  If 
so,  then  should  not  the  people  of  the  more 
enlightened  nations  also  patiently  wait 
for  the  full  development  of  the  "Darkest 
of  Africa?"  It  is  true  that  the  world 
will  not  be  ideal  until  the  whole  of  it  is 
ideal;  but  that  will  still  take  thousands 
of  years,  if,  indeed,  it  will  ever  come,  so 
that  it  will  be  of  no  practical  value  to  the 
present   generation   and   to   many   of   its 

successors. 

Hence,  to  make  the  best  use  of  the  lim- 
ited   progress    that    can    be    attained    at 


162  MODERN  PARADISE 

present  is  for  those  persons  that  feel 
prompted  by  the  spirit  of  fraternalism 
and  progress  to  live  and  work  together 
under  the  best  conditions  available  at  the 
present  time. 

They  have  just  that  much  the  advant- 
age over  those  that  prefer  to  wait  for  the 
maturation  of  a  certain  nation  or  of  the 
whole  human  family.  Partial  realization 
of  the  ideal  is  the  only  condition  attain- 
able at  present  as  well  as  for  a  long  time 
to  come  in  the  future. 

LVI. 
IS  IN  HARMONY  WITH  PROGRESS. 

TT  IS  scarcely  necessary  to  suggest  that 
■*■  the  Modern  Paradise  plan  of  living, 
working  and  organizing  is  entirely  free 
from  all  spasmodic,  coercive,  and  revolu- 
tionary measures,  and  that  it  operates 
everywhere  in  harmony  with  the  known 
laws  of  progress  and  development;  for  it 
is  founded  on  the  voluntary  efforts  and 
spontaneous   desires   of   individual   life — 


DELICATE  DRAWING  ROOMS. 


Fig.  23. 


The  Co-operative  Mansions  could  contain  such 
elegant  suites  of  commodious  Drawing  Rooms  open 
for  members  and  visitors.  (Ponce  de  Leon  Hotel,  St. 
Augustine,  Fla.) 


HARMONIOUS  PROGRESS  163 

on  gradual  growth  and  development;  on 
the  law  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest, 
which,  we  have  reason  to  believe,  has  in 
all  ages  of  the  past  been  the  true  basis 
of  permanent  progress. 

Almost  all  other  methods  of  reform, 
especially  those  of  a  political  nature,  have 
invariably  a  strong  opposing  minority, 
which  pulls  in  opposite  directions  and 
thus  causes  corresponding  discord.  To 
the  extent  of  such  discord  are  those  move- 
ments not  in  harmony  with  the  laws  of 
progress. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Modern  Para- 
dise plan  of  living  and  working  is  founded 
on  practically  unanimity  of  sentiments,  by 
inviting  only  such  persons  as  feel  pleas- 
ure in  living  that  broader  and  more  har- 
monious life. 

That  is  the  way  progressive  nature 
works.  Every  progressive  idea  is  first 
conceived  by  one  mind  and  then  slowly 
disseminated.  The  pioneer  and  his  few 
immediate  companions  never  stop  for  the 
slow  and  tardy.     They  move  onward  and 


164  MODERN  PARADISE 

upward,  often  even  in  spite  of  protest; 
but  if  the  movement  is  in  the  right  direc- 
tion, others  will  soon  begin  to  follow;  if 
in  the  wrong  course,  the  pioneers  will 
soon  perish  in  the  desert. 

LVIL 
FIRST  COST  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

SOME  tell  me  it  costs  too  much  to  build 
and  furnish  Modern  Paradises  on 
plans  so  grand  and  convenient  as  these 
descriptive  outlines  suggest.  It  is  true, 
the  first  cost  is  considerable.  But  do  not 
all  good  things  cost?  It  costs  a  great  deal 
to  build  large  bridges,  fine  ships,  and  long 
railroads ;  but  do  we  stop  because  of  their 
high  cost? 

When  we  stop  to  consider  for  a  moment, 
wre  find  that  such  a  well-equipped  Modern 
Paradise,  with  all  its  lands,  parks,  build- 
ings, highly-finished  boulevards,  and  all 
its  fine  tools  and  machinery  and  elegant 
furniture  would  not  cost  one-tenth  the 
price  the  people  of  the  United  States 
annually  pay  for  liquor  or  tobacco.     Only 


FIRST  COST  165 

a  small  fractional  part  of  what  one  rail- 
road costs.  Not  half  as  much  as  some 
universities;  and  less  than  two  modern 
dreadnaughts ;  and  what  does  that  little 
cost  amount  to  in  a  nation  that  boasts  of 
having  more  than  130  billion  dollars  worth 
of  accumulated  wealth? 

If  only  some  of  these  vast  sums  that 
are  now  annually  spent,  and  in  many 
cases  for  worse  than  useless  purposes, 
would  be  invested  in  buying,  building,  and 
furnishing  ideal  places  for  living  and 
working,  everybody  could  then  soon  have 
an  opportunity  to  be  a  co-ordinate  owner 
of  such  a  magnificent  place  to  live  and 
work.  As  these  facts  become  more  and 
more  apparent  to  those  that  have  vast 
fortunes  at  their  disposal,  there  will  un- 
questionably be  a  growing  tendency  for 
some  of  the  progressive  multi-millionaires 
to  invest  part  or  all  of  their  surplus  mil- 
lions, in  buying,  building,  and  furnishing 
such  paradisiacal  homes,  where  they  with 
many  other  congenial  associates  can  enjoy 
the  highest  earthly  bliss  now  attainable. 


LVIII. 
DONATION  NO  SACRIFICE. 

\M ANY  persons  seem  to  think  that  a 
***  multi-millionaire  makes  a  great  per- 
sonal sacrifice  if  he  invests  a  few  of  his 
surplus  millions  in  helping  to  build  and 
furnish  such  Modern  Paradises,  where  he 
can  enjoy  the  best  comforts  and  choicest 
associates  the  present  age  can  produce. 
But  is  such  an  investment  a  real  sacrifice 
to  him? 

Supposing  a  multi-millionaire  who  has 
twenty  millons,  would  use  half  of  this 
for  establishing  such  a  Modern  Paradise. 
He  would  then  have  ten  millions  left  as 
private  property.  The  ten  million  remain- 
der would  be  still  much  more  than  he 
could  hope  ever  to  use.  The  ten  million 
investment  would  even  lighten  his  useless 
burdens  to  the  extent  of  needlessly  car- 
ing for  the  surplus  millions  of  wealth 
which  he  can  never  hope  to  use.  It  would 
therefore  be  no  sacrifice  whatever  to  him 
to  use  the  ten  millions  for  this  purpose. 


NO  SACRIFICE  167 

It  would  not  only  not  be  a  sacrifice  but 
would,  no  doubt,  be  the  best  investment 
that  any  cultured  multi-millionaire  can 
make  with  his  surplus  millions.  It  would 
afford  him  the  finest  home  on  earth,  if  he 
should  ever  want  to  use  it  himself,  which 
he  certainly  would  if  he  possessed  social 
and  intellectual  attainments  of  a  high 
order. 

Besides  this  splendid  personal  home   it 
would  give  him  the  life-long  pleasure' of 
seeing    many    other    intellectual    men 
women,  and  children  enjoy  the  rich  fruits' 
of  his  wisdom  and  generosity,  and  if  he 
cared   for  fame   and  heartfelt  gratitude 
perhaps  no  other  act  would  bestow  more.' 
All  the  cultured  members  would  unques- 
tionably feel  deeply  grateful  to  him.    The 
donor,  whether  man  or  woman,  would  nat- 
urally be  the  honored  person,  and  visitors 
from   all  over  the  world   would   want   to 
honor  him  or  her  for  making  such  a  useful 
sociological  experiment  possible. 


LIX. 
TAINTED  MONEY. 

O  OME  of  my  conscientious  friends  tell 
**-*  me  it  would  be  wrong  to  use  the 
money  of  multi-millionaires  to  build  and 
equip  Modern  Paradises ;  that  their  money 
is  tainted;  that  it  rightfully  belongs  to 
the  comparatively  poor  wage  -  earners 
whose  labor  produced  the  bulk  of  the 
multi-millionaire's  millions.  But  if  such 
is  the  case,  would  not  this  tend  to  return 
it  to  the  producers  from  whom  the  multi- 
millionaire appropriated  it  as  profit  from 
their  labor? 

Would  not  this  voluntary  re-adjustment 
of  wealth  and  work  be  a  benefit  and  a 
blessing  to  all;  a  direct  benefit  to  the 
members  immediately  connected  with  the 
association  and  an  indirect  benefit  to  all 
others  who  may  profit  by  seeing  the  prac- 
tical results  of  such  an  harmonious 
method  of  living  and  working? 

Why  then  should  we  hesitate  to  use  the 
multi-millionaire's  millions  for  such  good 


IMMEDIATE  REALIZATION  169 

purposes,  if  he  is  willing  to  benefit  him- 
self and  others  in  this  helpful  way?  In 
what  other  way  could  he,  indeed,  make 
restitution  more  beneficially? 

LX. 
IMMEDIATE  REALIZATION. 

/~\NE  OF  the  strongest  features  of 
^*  Co-operative  Individualism,  the  Mod- 
ern Paradise  plan  of  social  and  industrial 
organization  is,  that  it  can  be  practically 
realized  almost  immediately  to  substan- 
tially the  full  extent,  while  those  reforms, 
especially  those  of  a  politico  -  economic 
nature,  that  propose  to  come  into  power 
by  the  use  of  the  ballot,  which  forces  into 
its  folds  the  willing  and  the  unwilling,  the 
fit  and  the  unfit,  can  at  best  not  get  pos- 
session of  the  government  for  a  long 
time  to  come. 

It  is,  no  doubt,  fair  to  presume  that  it 
will  take  at  least  from  25  to  50  years  for 
any  one  of  these  reform  parties  to  get 
the  majority  of  votes,  and  then  after  they 


170  MODERN  PARADISE 

have  the  majority,  there  will  still  be  an 
almost  equally  strong  opposing  minority, 
who  either  consciously  or  unconsciously 
oppose  the  plans  and  principles  of  the 
majority. 

This  minority  opposition  continually 
causes  strife,  antagonism  and  estrange- 
ments, so  that  there  can  be  no  concerted 
action  until  the  ivhole  of  the  opposing 
minority  is  harmoniously  assimilated  by 
the  majority,  and  to  accomplish  that  usu- 
ally requires  centuries  of  time. 

Hence  there  is  no  hope  for  the  few 
matured  ones  to  derive  much  benefit  from 
the  general  development  of  character;  for 
that  is  a  process  too  slow  for  one  life- 
time. 

To  raise  the  national  character  of  even 
the  lending  nation  of  the  world  to  that 
higher  standard  of  life  and  thought,  which 
has  been  attained  by  a  few  of  its  lead- 
ing individuals  now  living  will,  in  my 
judgment,  require  at  least  from  three  to 
five  centuries,  so  that  the  present  genera- 
tion will  unquestionably  all  be  dead  and 


IMMEDIATE  REALIZATION  171 

gone  long  before  this  universal  develop- 
ment will  be  realized  to  any  considerable 
extent. 

Hence,  for  the  advanced  ones  to  asso- 
ciate together  on  some  such  co-operative 
principles  as  here  outlined  seems,  there- 
fore, by  far  the  best  method  for  all  con- 
cerned; for  this  personal  freedom  and 
kind  regards  to  all,  affords  everybody  an 
opportunity  to  live  and  work  in  accord- 
ance with  his  dominant  sentiments — the 
Indian  in  his  wigwam,  the  moderately 
advanced  in  his  cottage,  and  the  more 
advanced  ones  in  the  Co-operative  Man- 
sion. 

Each  prefers  to  live  the  life  of  his  sen- 
timents, and  whenever  one  is  arbitrarily 
forced  higher  or  pressed  lower  in  the 
scale  of  civilization,  life  to  him  becomes 
rather  a  burden  than  a  blessing.  So  let 
us  not  make  the  mistake  of  thinking  that 
all  desire  to  live  in  a  cottage  instead  of 
a  wigwam,  or  in  a  Co-operative  Mansion 
instead  of  a  cottage. 

There  are  as  yet  only  a  few  that  would 


172  MODERN  PARADISE 

feel  really  comfortable  and  happy  in  a 
grand  Co-operative  Mansion  instead  of  a 
cottage;  a  state  of  society  in  which  all  are 
supposed  to  mind  their  own  business,  and 
share  an  equitable  part  of  the  burdens  as 
well  as  of  the  enjoyments  of  life;  but 
these  few  can  realize  it  in  less  than  two 
years,  if  a  competent  leader  with  the 
material  resources  are  at  hand. 

LXI. 
ANTAGONIZES  NO  OTHER  REFORMS. 

LET  ME  state  here  that  according  to 
my  views,  the  Modern  Paradisers 
would  not  pose  as  aggressive  reformers. 
They  desire  as  members  only  those  that 
are  already  reformed;  for  such  are  the 
only  ones  that  can  feel  comfortable  and 
happy  in  such  an  ideal  atmosphere.  On  the 
other  hand,  they  would  not  antagonize 
the  progressive  features  of  any  other 
reform  movement,  no  matter  by  what 
name  it  may  be  known. 

They  are  even  deeply  interested  in  the 


NO  ANTAGONISM  173 

practical  success  and  progress  of  all  of 
them;  for  they  want  to  see  the  whole 
world  attain  the  highest  possible  stand- 
ard of  life,  health,  work,  and  happiness. 
Our  course  of  procedure  is  based  on  evo- 
lution of  sentiment,  so  there  is  no  need 
for  arbitrary  rule,  rod,  ballot,  or  gun — 
no  opposing  minority,  and  no  subdued 
opponents. 

It  is  therefore  plain  that  every  time 
another  new  Modern  Paradise  is  added  to 
the  list  of  those  existing,  and  every  time 
the  national  character  is  elevated  another 
degree,  something  valuable  has  been 
added  to  the  lot  of  every  human  being, 
and  this  universal  self-interest  for  prog- 
ress and  harmony  will  act  as  a  powerful 
motive  for  further  development. 

Hence,  all  will  be  interested  in  helping 
each  other,  and  that  can  be  done  only  by 
evolving  sentiment  and  character,  and  not 
by  arbitrary  coercion  and  confiscation. 
Our  progressive  work  is,  therefore,  all 
educational  and  in  strict  conformity  with 
existing  sentiments. 


LXII. 

GOING  AND  COMING.  . 

"pROM  WHAT  has  been  said  in  the  fore- 
*•  going  pages,  the  reader  will  under- 
stand that  every  Modern  Paradiser  as 
equal  partner  is  completely  free  to  come 
and  go,  when  and  where  each  pleases; 
except,  of  course,  no  one  ever  enters  or 
calls  at  another's  private  apartment, 
unless  the  person  is  a  particular  guest, 
or  is  specially  invited;  that  he  can  travel 
or  stay  at  home;  that  he  can  work  as 
much  or  as  little  as  he  pleases  either  for 
himself  or  for  the  association,  and  receive 
pay  in  proportion  to  the  time  he  or  she 
devotes  to  economic  labor  for  the  associa- 
tion, and  the  money  or  labor-checks  which 
are  received  therefor  is  evidence  of  the 
amount  of  labor  thus  performed  and  the 
wealth  still  due  to  the  individual  worker. 
For  instance,  if  any  person,  either  man 
or  woman,  should  wish  to  leave  the  asso- 
ciation, the  person  can  at  any  time  buy 
with  his  or  her  unpaid  labor-checks  such 


LAWN  MOWING  ON  A  LARGE  SCALE. 


V\ts.  24. 


A  motor-driven  Lawn  Mower  that  can  mow  from 
ten  to  fifteen  acres  a  day..  The  work  of  the  operator 
is  easy  and  pleasant.  With  domestic  co-operation 
such  mowers  would  be  used. 


WILL  THEY  QUARREL  175 

a  portion  of  the  negotiable  wealth  as  is 
yet  due  the  laborer  that  helped  to  pro- 
duce the  wealth. 

If  they  do  not  wish  to  take  their 
remaining  wealth  at  once,  they  can  keep 
their  money  (labor-checks)  and  buy  at 
the  department  store  at  any  future  time; 
or  they  can  sell  their  labor-checks  for 
United  States  money;  but  the  Modern 
Paradise  department  store  does  not  accept 
any  other  money  than  its  own  labor- 
checks,  except  for  meals  and  other  accom- 
modations of  visitors  and  travelers.  The 
Modern  Paradisers  do  not  wish  to  indulge 
in  exploiting  commercialism  of  any  kind. 
They  do  not  wish  to  live  on  profit,  interest, 
rent,  or  taxes. 


LXIII. 

WILL  THE  MEMBERS  QUARREL? 

OME  TELL  me  that  the  Modern  Para- 
dise plan  would  be  a  splendid  mode 
of  living  and  working,  if  the  500  or  more 
Co-operators  could  agree.     But  they  say 


S 


176  MODERN  PARADISE 

it  is  no  use  trying,  as  so  many  people 
living  together  in  one  mansion  will  surely 
quarrel  and  fight. 

I  do  not  claim  that  there  would  be  no 
quarrels  and  fights  there,  but  I  contend 
that  they  would  be  much  less  inside  of 
Modern  Paradise  than  they  have  been  and 
still  are  outside  of  it  among  the  same 
number  of  people.  So  far  the  world  as 
a  whole  has  been  little  more  than  one  con- 
tinuous quarrel,  fight,  and  war,  so  that  it 
is  easy  for  the  Modern  Paradisers  to  beat 
that  cloudy  record,  at  least  a  little. 

In  the  nature  of  things,  there  is  an 
adequate  cause  for  every  quarrel,  fight, 
and  war.  We  propose  to  remove  substan- 
tially all  these  disturbing  causes.  There 
would  be  little  or  no  struggle  for  bread. 
No  masters  and  servants  to  antagonize 
one  another;  no  social  caste,  no  excessive 
toil  and  pinching  poverty;  no  gambling 
and  cunning  commercialism;  and  no  eco- 
nomic and  social  dependence. 

All  the  charter  members  would  be  kind, 
peaceable,    obliging,   industrious    persons, 


METHODS  OF  ORGANIZATION       177 

carefully  selected  on  those  qualities,  as 
we  shall  see  in  the  next  topic.  Everybody 
would  be  a  free,  independent,  self -owning, 
human  being;  enjoying  equal  privileges 
and  bearing  equal  responsibilities.  The 
removal  of  these  disturbing  causes  would 
unquestionably  reduce  quarrels  and  fights 
to  a  minimum. 


W 


LXIV. 

METHODS  OF  ORGANIZATION. 

E  ARE  now  prepared  to  understand 
that  there  are  two  widely  different 
methods  of  organizing  and  conducting  the 
Modern  Paradise  enterprise,  especially  in 
the  matter  of  selecting  their  charter  mem- 
bers. 

In  the  one  case,  the  500  members  could 
be  taken  at  random.  They  could  all  meet 
at  some  appointed  time  and  place,  and 
there  have  an  equal  voice  in  formulating 
the  plans  for  organization,  and  the  con- 
ducting of  the  future  association.  It  is 
almost  certain  that  the  500  or  more  mem- 
bers taken  at  random  would  have  widely 


178  MODERN  PARADISE 

different  sentiments  and  opinions  on 
almost  all  the  vital  questions  that  would 
naturally  come  up  for  deliberation. 

By  this  method  then,  it  is  highly 
improbable  that  all  could  be  fairly  suited. 
Many  would  have  to  sacrifice,  and  some 
would,  no  doubt,  oppose.  Hence  this 
method  would  inevitably  cause  discord,  or 
at  least  want  of  heart-felt  enthusiasm. 

By  the  other  method,  one  or  two  per- 
sons holding  substantially  similar  opin- 
ions on  the  important  affairs  of  life, 
would  buy,  build,  and  furnish  the  whole 
premises,  the  same  as  any  other  two  part- 
ners would  perhaps  build  and  furnish  a 
business  block,  and  after  the  Modern  Par- 
adise was  all  finished  and  furnished  in  ele- 
gant style,  they  would  invite  only  such 
associates  as  would  be  in  harmony  with 
all  the  essential  features  of  these  plans, 
which  every  interested  person  could  learn 
in  a  few  hours  by  reading  this  volume. 

By  this  method,  all  the  500  members 
would  hold  practically  similar  sentiments. 
They  would  then   spontaneously   all  pull 


METHODS  OP  ORGANIZATION       179 

in  the  same  direction.  Would  it  be  likely 
that  quarrels,  fights,  and  wars  would  be 
frequent,  if  all  the  members  were  care- 
fully selected  in  accordance  with  this 
method? 

We  all  know  that  there  are  many  cases 
where  two  or  more  very  ignorant  people 
live  and  work  together  in  almost  complete 
harmony,  because  they  all  entertain  sim- 
ilar views;  while  many  other  couples  that 
know  perhaps  a  thousand  times  more 
continually  quarrel  and  scrap,  because 
they  hold  very  dissimilar  views  on  many 
important  questions. 

However,  the  more  we  know,  the  better 
we  can  live  and  work  together,  provided 
our  tastes  and  sentiments  have  been 
developed  along  similar  lines.  The 
important  point  on  social  and  industrial 
harmony  then  is  to  bring  together  per- 
sons of  similar  tastes  and  habits.  If  this 
is  well  done,  peace  and  harmony  are 
bound  to  follow. 


LXV. 
UNKNOWN  LIBERTY. 

SOMETIMES  members  of  certain 
reform  parties  and  organizations  tell 
me  that  our  energies  should  first  all  be 
directed  toward  acquiring  liberty.  They 
tell  me  the  "people,"  or  the  working 
class,  must  have  more  liberty.  But  is 
that  really  the  case? 

Is  it  not  a  fact  that  even  now  the  peo- 
ple of  every  republic  as  a  whole,  or  even 
the  working  class  as  a  whole  who  are 
always  vastly  in  the  majority,  have 
already  much  more  liberty  than  they  know 
how  to  use  to  advantage?  They  have 
both  the  power  and  the  liberty  to  make 
any  political,  economic,  or  social  change 
they  wish,  if  they  only  had  the  knowledge 
to  do  so.  Hence  they  are  short  on  knowl- 
edge instead  of  liberty. 

For  instance,  the  voters  of  a  republic 
have  the  liberty  to  amend  the  constitu- 
tion in  any  way  they  please;  to  make  an 
entirely  new  one;   or  to  abolish   it   alto- 


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MISTAKEN  SCIENCE  181 

gether.  They  can  empower  the  congress 
to  enact  any  laws  they  wish,  and  if  the 
congress  does  not  do  it  to  suit  them,  the 
people  themselves  have  the  unimpaired 
liberty  to  enact  such  laws  and  institute 
such  customs  as  they  think  best,  by  popu- 
lar vote. 

Hence,  we  as  a  people  or  as  a  working 
class  are  not  so  much  deficient  in  liberty 
as  we  are  in  the  common  sense  to  make 
good  use  of  that  liberty.  The  liberty 
question  is  therefore  ultimately  a  ques- 
tion of  intelligence,  of  EDUCATION,  of 
learning  how  to  use  our  liberty  to  good 
advantage;  and  the  author  hopes  that  the 
suggestions  given  in  this  brief  illustrated 
work  will,  at  least  in  a  small  measure, 
contribute  toward  this  end. 

LXVI. 
MISTAKEN  SCIENCE. 

QUITE  a  large  sprinkling  of  reform 
advocates,  especially  those  advocat- 
ing certain  economic  and  sociologic 
reforms,  seem  to  hold  the  idea  that  scient- 


182  MODERN  PARADISE 

ists  should  say  and  suggest  as  little  as 
possible  about  general  details;  that  the 
' '  people ' '  themselves  should  discover 
them  from  time  to  time  without  having 
any  feasible  way  suggested  by  a  scientist 
having  superior  information  in  that  par- 
ticular branch  of  knowledge. 

But  why  so?  Is  not  science  systema- 
tized knowledge,  prevision,  ability  to  fore- 
see the  future  by  interpreting  the  past? 
George  Henry  Lewes,  one  of  the  most 
profound  thinkers  and  writers,  says: 
1  'Prevision  is  the  characteristic  and  the 
test  of  knowledge."  That  is  what  the 
astronomer  does  when  he  predicts 
eclipses ;  the  electrician  when  he  erects  and 
equips  his  power-station;  the  architect 
when  he  draws  his  plans  and  specifica- 
tions ;  and  even  the  farmer  when  he  plows 
and  sows  his  field. 

Why  then  should  not  scientists  suggest 
and  explain  all  they  possibly  can,  and 
explain  it  as  clearly  and  as  definitely  as 
possible?  Other  things  equal,  the  person 
that  can  see  the  farthest  into  the  future 


MISTAKEN  SCIENCE  183 

is  the  best  scientist,  no  matter  whether 
that  person  is  a  geologist,  an  astronomer, 
an  electrician,  a  farmer,  or  a  sociologist. 
For  instance,  what  would  we  think  of 
an  architect  that  would  give  us  only  a 
few  hints  of  a  proposed  structure  and 
then  tell  us  that  we  should  just  begin  the 
structure  of  the  edifice;  that  after  we 
once  get  fairly  started,  things  will  come 
out  all  right  without  having  the  architect 
give  further  details? 

Would  any  thoughtful  person  be  will- 
ing to  trust  the  construction  of  his  build- 
ing to  such  an  architect?  Should  his 
superior  judgment  in  matters  of  architec- 
ture not  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  less 
experienced  workmen  that  put  up  the 
building? 

Just  to  the  extent  that  a  posing  scient- 
ist cannot  foresee  the  future  is  either  the 
scientist  himself  incompetent,  or  the 
science  yet  incomplete.  Complete  science, 
if  indeed  we  can  ever  hope  to  attain  that, 
knows  the  important  events  of  the  future 


1 84  M ODERN  PARADISE 

approximately  as  well  as  those  of  the 
past  and  present. 

Hence,  the  more  definitely  a  scientist 
can  point  out  the  full  results  of  a  certain 
course,  the  more  will  the  common  people, 
who  rely  on  him  for  guidance  in  that  par- 
ticular branch  of  inquiry,  be  benefited  by 
his  useful  suggestions  and  reasonable 
explanations. 

Sociology,  like  all  other  sciences,  is  a 
science  only  to  the  extent  that  it  reveals 
future  social,  domestic,  and  industrial 
phenomena.  The  important  practical  fea- 
tures of  it,  if  properly  presented,  are  real 
simple,  highly  interesting,  and  by  far  the 
most  important  of  all  the  higher  sciences 
that  are  now  receiving  popular  attention. 

The  fundamental  principles  of  practical 
sociology  are:  that  everybody  in  order  to 
live  a  healthy,  happy  life  requires  con- 
genial associates,  good  methods  of  educa- 
tion and  amusements,  and  abundant  mate- 
rial wealth — food,  clothing,  shelter,  and 
luxuries — and  should  work  at  some  appro- 
priate productive   labor   to   help   produce 


EDUCATIONAL  INFLUENCES        185 

that  wealth;  and  to  work  and  live  in  such 
a  way  and  with  such  tools  and  machinery 
that  the  least  amount  of  human  effort 
produces  the  greatest  amount  of  useful 
wealth  and  happiness. 

These  primary  principles  of  practical 
sociology  should,  therefore,  be  taught  in 
every  institution  of  learning  from  the 
simplest  kindergarten  to  the  highest  uni- 
versity; for  such  knowledge  means  uni- 
versal prosperity,  harmonious  association 
and  the  greatest  happiness. 

LXVII. 
EDUCATIONAL  INFLUENCES. 

A  S  WE  have  seen,  all  further  progress 
***■  and  harmonious  adjustment  of  human 
affairs  depend  on  EDUCATION,  on  the 
acquisition  of  more  useful  knowledge ;  and 
that  such  a  practical  experiment  in  social 
and  industrial  sciences  as  is  here  sug- 
gested, would  soon  wield  a  powerful  influ- 
ence over  the  people  of  the  leading  nations 


ISG  MODERN  PARADISE 

of  the  world  goes,  we  think,  without  say- 
ing. 

As  soon  as  it  would  become  known,  and 
that  would  be  almost  immediately,  that 
an  earthly  heaven  where  so  little  toil  and 
care  produces  such  abundance  of  wealth, 
intelligence,  and  happiness,  is  in  practical 
operation,  many  refined  and  influential 
persons  of  all  civilized  nations  would,  no 
doubt,  naturally  desire  to  visit  the  asso- 
ciation's premises  where  they  can  make 
personal  inspections  of  the  real  merits 
and  demerits  of  such  a  practical  mode  of 
co-operative  living  and  working. 

For  instance,  where  they  can  take  an 
automobile  ride  on  the  finest  boulevards, 
where  they  can  see  the  large  electric 
farming  outfits  working;  the  splendid 
hydro-electric  power  plant  that  furnishes 
heat,  light,  and  power;  the  Model  Factory 
with  its  skillful  and  comparatively  happy 
men,  women,  and  children  workers;  the 
overflowing  Universal  Warehouse  contain- 
ing the  accumulated  wealth  of  the  associa- 
tion   on    which    ('very    man,   woman,    and 


EDUCATIONAL  INFLUENCES        187 

child  can  personally  draw  to  the  amount 
of  the  outstanding  labor-checks  of  each; 
the  convenient  Co-operative  Mansion 
where  the  cooking  and  heating  is  done 
with  electricity  that  costs  almost  noth- 
ing, and  where  there  are  all  kinds  of  ele- 
gant public  and  private  apartments  peo- 
pled with  clean,  intelligent,  courteous, 
skillful  and  obliging  associates. 

Where  dishes  are  washed  with  a  large 
dish-washing  machine,  the  dough  mixed 
with  mechanical  dough-mixers,  and  the 
potatoes  and  fruits  pared  with  machin- 
ery; where  all  parents  and  all  children 
have  unlimited  use  of  splendid  public  nur- 
series and  kindergartens;  where  women 
and  children  as  well  as  men,  whether  mar- 
ried or  single,  draw  their  own  independ- 
ent income  for  the  work  they  have  per- 
formed; where  every  man,  woman,  and 
child  old  enough  to  work  is  skilled  in 
private  domesticity. 

Where  the  average  workday  is  likely 
less  than  three  hours,  and  the  average 
wealth  produced  by  each  worker  is  per- 


188  MODERN  PARADISE 

haps  more  than  $10  a  day;  where  every 
babe  as  soon  as  born  is  an  equal  partner 
inheriting  a  splendid  home  as  well  as  all 
the  means  of  production ;  where  the 
"start"  in  life  is  as  easy  and  pleasant  as 
any  other  period  of  it;  where  children  are 
kind,  healthy,  handsome,  industrious,  hon- 
est, truthful,  intelligent,  sociable,  self- 
reliant,  free,  and  happy — and  all  without 
ever  being  confined  in  school-rooms  or 
driven  into  factories. 

Again,  where  everybody  owns  land, 
machinery,  and  a  splendid  home,  and 
where  nobody  pays  the  tribute  of  profit, 
rent,  and  interest;  where  everybody  is 
equally  master  and  no  one  servant;  where 
greed,  graft,  and  exploiting  commercial- 
ism are  practically  unknown;  where  the 
facilities  for  education  are  of  the  highest 
and  most  practical  order,  and  useful 
amusements  unlimited  in  their  variety  and 
scope;  where  kindness,  liberty,  justice,  and 
progress  are  of  the  purest  dye;  where 
there  are  no  paupers  and  no  poor-houses; 
no  use  for  soldiers  and  policemen,  and  no 


ART  STUDIO. 


Vig.  26. 


With  abundant  leisure  and  highly  developed  esthe- 
tic sentiments,  the  Fine  Arts  would,  no  doubt,  be  of 
a  very  high  standard  in  Modern  Paradise. 


EDUCATIONAL  INFLUENCES        189 

need  for  charity  and  prisons;  and  where 
substantially  everybody  is  kind,  sober, 
moral,  obliging,  tolerant,  cheerful,  pros- 
perous, and  comparatively  happy. 

Such,  as  well  as  many  other  facts,  influ- 
ential visitors  would  bring  back  with 
them  to  their  native  lands.  For  the  first 
time  in  the  history  of  the  human  race, 
there  would  be  a  practical  example  show- 
ing how  a  group  of  intelligent  men, 
women,  and  children  can  abolish  toil, 
caste,  and  domination,  and  put  in  their 
places  prosperity,  fraternity,  and  univer- 
sal helpfulness;  and  this  would,  no  doubt, 
soon  have  a  powerful  educative  influence 
over  the  social  and  industrial  life  of  the 
intelligent  people  everywhere. 

The  rich  as  well  as  the  poor  would 
begin  to  see  and  feel  that  such  a  just, 
non-aggressive,  fraternal,  co-operative  life 
is,  as  a  whole,  by  far  the  easiest  and  hap- 
piest as  well  as  the  noblest  life  that  can 
be  lived  by  an  intellectual  people. 

In  order  to  fully  appreciate  the  high 
merit  of  the   Co-operative  Individualism 


190  MODERN  PARADISE 

depicted  in  the  pages  of  this  brief  vol- 
ume, the  reader  should  by  all  means  thor- 
oughly compare  it  with  the  merits  and 
demerits  of  modern  Capitalism,  Social- 
ism, Communism,  Single  Tax,  Anarchism, 
and  all  other  sociologic  regimes  that  are 
now  bidding  for  support  and  striving  for 
prominence. 

Rational  Co-operative  Individualism 
thus  seems  to  be  the  first  sociologic 
regime  that  removes  substantially  all 
existing  sociologic  evils  and  institutes 
practically  all  desirable  features  of  refined 
human  life.  It  relies  for  its  success  and 
efficiency  solely  on  its  superior  adjust- 
ment with  advancing  civilization.  It, 
therefore,  kindly  invites  comparisons,  sug- 
gestions and  friendly  criticisms  from 
every  possible  source. 


LXVIII.  . 

LONGEVITY  AND  SUPERB  PHYSIQUE. 

HpHE  primary  object  of  all  aims  and 
■■■  ends  of  life  is  to  live  the  longest, 
strongest,  happiest  life.  In  order  to 
attain  these  results  in  the  highest  possi- 
ble degree,  we  must  learn  to  live  and 
work  as  nearly  as  possible  in  accord  with 
the  facts  of  Nature. 

Learn  to  eat,  drink,  sleep,  exercise, 
breathe,  and  associate  properly,  or  rather 
not  learn  to  do  them  improperly.  If  the 
precepts  and  examples  before  us  are  right, 
there  is  seldom  or  never  danger  of  going 
wrong. 

The  reader  will  notice  that  the  Modern 
Paradise  mode  of  living  and  working 
offer  all  these  commendable  factors  in  a 
pre-eminent  degree.  The  Modern  Para- 
dise home  is  completely  purged  of  all  fea- 
tures of  toilsome  and  unsanitary  indus- 
tries and  commerce,  and  has  been  con- 
verted into  a  place  of  ease,  health,  inde- 


192  MODERN  PARADISE 

pendence,  social  enjoyments,  and  intel- 
lectual refinement. 

The  spinning,  weaving,  tanning,  shoe- 
making,  knitting,  laundering,  sewing, 
darning,  cooking,  baking,  dining,  as  well 
as  all  other  toilsome  industries  that  were 
formerly  irksome  phases  of  home  life, 
have  one  by  one  been  removed  from  the 
home  proper  to  the  factory,  workshop, 
and  other  public  departments  in  and  about 
the  Co-operative  Mansion  in  which  the 
men,  women,  and  children  now  work  side 
by  side  during  their  short  work-day,  and 
for  which  each  personally  receives  his  or 
her  full  remuneration  in  convenient  labor- 
checks,  which  makes  them  all  free  and 
independent  human  beings. 

By  thus  living  free,  clean,  healthful 
lives,  doctors  would,  no  doubt,  have  but 
little  professional  work  to  do  in  Modern 
Paradise.  All  the  members  would  con- 
tinually strive  to  prevent  disease  by  liv- 
ing in  substantial  harmony  with  the  laws 
of  health,  rather  than  try  to  cure  it. 

There  would  be  abundance  of  the  best 


SUPERB  PHYSIQUE  193 

food  to  eat,  the  purest  water  to  drink, 
abundant  time  for  nine  or  ten  hours  of 
restful  sleep,  three  or  four  hours  of  com- 
paratively pleasant,  self-employed  manual 
labor  a  day,  besides  plenty  of  active 
games  and  sportive  exercises  both  in- 
doors and  out-doors  and  little  or  nothing 
to  worry  about. 

Everybody  would  have  plenty  of  fine 
clothes  to  wear,  a  mansion  to  live  in,  all 
the  industrial  and  domestic  comforts  and 
conveniences  that  can  be  utilized,  and  be 
surrounded  by  a  coterie  of  congenial  and 
mutually  helpful  associates. 

As  factious  Competition  is  superseded 
by  harmonious  Co-operation,  toil,  strife, 
and  poverty  were  eliminated  from  civil- 
ized life.  Where  formerly  men  and  women 
struggled  as  competing  enemies,  they  now 
assist  each  other  as  friendly  co-operators 
and  congenial  associates.  Everywhere  the 
tendency  of  development  is  now  toward 
one  race,  one  language,  one  philosophy, 
one  democracy,  one  standard  of  ethics, 
and  one  highly  evolved  humanity. 


194  MODERN  PARADISE 

Such  a  broad,  natural,  well  -  adjusted 
life  of  healthful  work,  amusement,  and 
rest,  would,  no  doubt,  produce  a  degree 
of  strength,  mentality,  skill,  and  physical 
beauty  of  form  and  face  far  beyond  any 
that  is  now  known.  Not  only  would  men, 
women,  and  children  under  such  favorable 
conditions  grow  strong,  handsome,  amica- 
ble, and  skillful  in  mind  and  body,  but 
they  would  also  live  much  longer  and 
much  happier. 

It  is  highly  probable  that  such  a  kind, 
peaceful  mode  of  rational  living  and 
working  would  leave  many  a  one  looking 
still  young  and  fresh  at  the  age  of  a  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  years;  and  after  a 
few  generations  of  further  eugenic  devel- 
opment as  a  result  of  such  harmonious 
living  and  working,  some  would  undoubt- 
edly live  a  happy,  useful  life  of  more  than 
a  century  and  a  half.  Is  not  such  a  vic- 
tory over  former  evils  worth  winning? 


LXIX. 
GENERAL  SUMMARY. 

/"pHE  reader  will  notice  that  in  outlin- 
A  ing  our  ideal  mode  of  living,  working, 
and  organizing,  we  have  called  into  exist- 
ence nothing  new  or  miraculous.  All  the 
grand  things  and  refined  persons  men- 
tioned in  this  brief  realistic  story  are 
already  in  successful  operation  separately. 
What  we  have  done  here  is  to  combine 
them  more  harmoniously. 

We  propose  to  put  together  the  produc- 
tive land;  the  splendid  highways;  the 
healthful,  convenient  buildings;  the  fine 
tools  and  machinery;  the  helpful  power 
plant;  the  abundant  means  for  pleasant 
education,  sociability,  amusements,  per- 
sonal liberty,  and  the  refined,  skillful 
workers  on  such  a  large,  harmonious 
scale  that  we  think  they  can  produce  the 
greatest  results  with  the  least  amount  of 
human  effort. 

Instead  of  co-operating  together  as 
master    and    servant,    we    co-operate    as 


196  MODERN  PARADISE 

equal  partners.  Instead  of  having  many 
dependents,  all  our  able  -  bodied  men, 
women,  and  children  are  really  and  truly 
independent  and  self-owning.  Instead  of 
having  part  extravagant  idlers,  and  part 
over-burdened  toilers,  the  Modern  Para- 
disers  are  all  moderate  workers,  which  is 
conducive  to  health,  strength,  and  happi- 
ness. Instead  of  being  largely  engaged 
in  exploiting  commercialism,  the  Modern 
Paradisers  w  o  u  1  d  substantially  all  be 
judicious  Industrialists.  Instead  of 
co  -  operating  industrially  only  we  also 
co-operate  domestically  as  well  as  indus- 
trially. 

The  children  are  free,  strong  and 
happy;  educated  by  the  natural  method 
of  education  and  living  under  the  regime 
of  an  ideal  democracy  —  the  first  real 
democracy  on  earth.  Children  are  never 
confined  in  the  school-rooms  nor  are  they 
ever  driven  to  work.  We  turn  learning 
and  work  into  play,  so  that  they  learn  to 
talk  by  talking,  think  by  thinking,  and 
work   by  working.     They   are   always   in 


GENERAL  SUMMARY  197 

school,  but  the  school  and  the  work-shop 
are  attractive  play-houses. 

Old  and  young  have  all  their  ideals  as 
near  them  as  possible.  Hence,  we  think 
that  by  this  mode  of  living  and  working, 
we  are  in  complete  harmony  with  all  the 
five  factors  of  the  Sociologic  Quintette ;  for 
we  produce  efficiently,  share  equitably, 
accumulate  wisely,  consume  economically, 
and  associate  harmoniously. 

We  thus  see  that  the  introduction  of 
the  Modern  Paradise  plan  of  living  and 
working  is  like  that  of  all  other  truly 
progressive  changes  —  gradual  and  com- 
pletely voluntary.  There  is  no  confisca- 
tion of  any  kind;  no  opposing  minority 
to  assimilate;  and  no  constrained  oppo- 
nents to  pacify.  We,  therefore,  believe 
that  the  factors  of  our  Sociologic  Quin- 
tette are  in  complete  accord  with  the 
fundamental  principles  of  health,  justice, 
liberty,  progress,  and  the  pursuit  of  the 
greatest  happiness  now  attainable  by 
refined  and  broadly  cultured  people. 


198  MODERN  PARADISE 

The  establishment  and  harmonious  co- 
operation of  such  a  Modern  Paradise  in  a 
favorable  location  and  in  the  near  future 
will  be  the  chief  aim  of  the  author's  re- 
maining life,  and  every  assistance  that 
aids  in  the  attainment  of  this  end  will  be 
greatly  appreciated  by  the  author. 


224W.Broa3way 

tendale,  Calif,  91,90 

1  »■  ,-«,*-,_ 


WSDQtiBQO&EO. 

W&W*  Broadway 
Gr!endale,€alif.  91204 


